Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34385421›Full record

ArticleCell death & disease2021

Toll-like receptor 4 is a master regulator for colorectal cancer growth under high-fat diet by programming cancer metabolism.

Xianjing Hu, Sarwat Fatima, Minting Chen, Keyang Xu, Chunhua Huang, Rui-Hong Gong, Tao Su, Hoi Leong Xavier Wong, Zhaoxiang Bian, Hiu Yee Kwan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell death & disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  14. Article
  15. Cancers · 2025
    Article
  16. Multiple Roles of Palmitic Acid in Cardiovascular Diseases.Journal of inflammation research · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Xianjing Hu *Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8541-8542
Sarwat Fatima *Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Minting Chen *Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Keyang XuCentre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7049-2528
Chunhua HuangCentre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Rui-Hong GongCentre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Tao SuInternational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
Hoi Leong Xavier WongCentre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Zhaoxiang BianCentre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. bzxiang@hkbu.edu.hk.ORCID 0000-0001-6206-1958
Hiu Yee KwanCentre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. hykwan@hkbu.edu.hk.ORCID 0000-0002-6088-7323
Hong Kong Baptist University · HKGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine · CN

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) SCM-2016-NSFC-003Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Guangdong Natural Science Foundation) 2016A030313825
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although high-fat diet (HFD) has been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), the critical signaling molecule that mediates the cancer growth is not well-defined. Identifying the master regulator that controls CRC growth under HFD can facilitate the development of effective therapeutics for the cancer treatment. In this study, the global lipidomics and RNA sequencing data show that, in the tumor tissues of CRC-bearing mouse models, HFD not only increases tumor weight, but also the palmitic acid level and TLR4 expression, which are reduced when HFD is replaced by control diet. These concomitant changes suggest the roles of palmitic acid and TLR4 in CRC growth. Subsequent studies show that palmitic acid regulates TLR4 expression in PU.1-dependent manner. Knockdown of PU.1 or mutations of PU.1-binding site on TLR4 promoter abolish the palmitic acid-increased TLR4 expression. The role of palmitic acid/PU.1/TLR4 axis in CRC growth is further examined in cell model and animal models that are fed either HFD or palmitic acid-rich diet. More importantly, iTRAQ proteomics data show that knockdown of TLR4 changes the metabolic enzyme profiles in the tumor tissues, which completely abolish the HFD-enhanced ATP production and cancer growth. Our data clearly demonstrate that TLR4 is a master regulator for CRC growth under HFD by programming cancer metabolism.

Indexed as

Diet, High-FatAnimalsBinding SitesBody WeightCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationColorectal NeoplasmsDisease Models, AnimalFeeding BehaviorHumansLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMaleMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMyeloid Differentiation Factor 88Membrane GlycoproteinsMyeloid Differentiation Factor 88Palmitic AcidProto-Oncogene ProteinsProto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1Receptors, Interleukin-1TIRAP protein, humanToll-Like Receptor 4Trans-Activators

Identifiers

PMID34385421
PMCPMC8360949
OpenAlexW3190408021

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.