ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Joint encoding of facial identity, orientation, gaze, and expression in the middle dorsal face area.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Behavioral characterization of dynamic facial expression perception in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using naturalistic and synthetic stimuli.Animal cognition · 2026Article
- Facial expression discrimination emerges from partially overlapping neural subspaces of detection and identity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rhesus monkeys use both eye and head gaze to reallocate covert spatial attention facilitating visual perception.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- The state of modelling face processing in humans with deep learning.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Review
- Parallel processing chains span cytoarchitectures to organize association cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Understanding the Brain as a Mentalizing Machine with a Symbol Grounding Function.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Early face deprivation leads to long-lasting deficits in cortical face processing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Face Recognition in Non-human Primates.The Japanese psychological research · 2024Article
- Human Recognition: The Utilization of Face, Voice, Name and Interactions-An Extended Editorial.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Neuronal Population Encoding of Identity in Primate Prefrontal Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Bodies in motion: Unraveling the distinct roles of motion and shape in dynamic body responses in the temporal cortex.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Multisensory interactions of face and vocal information during perception and memory in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Encoding of dynamic facial information in the middle dorsal face area.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Challenging the Classical View: Recognition of Identity and Expression as Integrated Processes.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Joint encoding of facial identity, orientation, gaze, and expression in the middle dorsal face area.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
The last two decades have established that a network of face-selective areas in the temporal lobe of macaque monkeys supports the visual processing of faces. Each area within the network contains a large fraction of face-selective cells. And each area encodes facial identity and head orientation differently. A recent brain-imaging study discovered an area outside of this network selective for naturalistic facial motion, the middle dorsal (MD) face area. This finding offers the opportunity to determine whether coding principles revealed inside the core network would generalize to face areas outside the core network. We investigated the encoding of static faces and objects, facial identity, and head orientation, dimensions which had been studied in multiple areas of the core face-processing network before, as well as facial expressions and gaze. We found that MD populations form a face-selective cluster with a degree of selectivity comparable to that of areas in the core face-processing network. MD encodes facial identity robustly across changes in head orientation and expression, it encodes head orientation robustly against changes in identity and expression, and it encodes expression robustly across changes in identity and head orientation. These three dimensions are encoded in a separable manner. Furthermore, MD also encodes the direction of gaze in addition to head orientation. Thus, MD encodes both structural properties (identity) and changeable ones (expression and gaze) and thus provides information about another animal's direction of attention (head orientation and gaze). MD contains a heterogeneous population of cells that establish a multidimensional code for faces.
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