SynthesisBMC neurology2021
Factors associated with brain ageing - a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between the MIND diet and cognitive health in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Pooled it
- Causal relationships between neuropsychiatric disorders and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- BrainAGE, brain health, and mental disorders: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Cognition, body, and mind: A three-in-one coordinate-based fMRI meta-analysis on cognitive, physical, and meditative trainings.Human brain mapping · 2023Pooled it
- Accelerated brain aging and anterior white matter hyperintensity burden in chronic post-stroke aphasia: a lesion-aware MRI analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Mapping Neuroanatomical Heterogeneity of Brain Aging Within a Clinically Defined Aging Reference Cohort.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Brain-age in ultra-low-field MRI: How well does it work?Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- In vivo growth trajectories of regional brain volumes in the Wistar rat.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- A Spatially Resolved View on the Aging Substantia nigra: An Exploratory Proteomic Study.Advanced biology · 2025Article
- Regional brain morphology and current antidepressant use: findings from 32 international cohorts from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping of paramagnetic rim lesions in early multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study of brain age and disability.Neuroimage. Reports · 2025Article
- Judged by your neighbors: A novel framework for personalized assessment of brain structural aging effects in diverse populations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults.eLife · 2025Article
- Do Transformers and CNNs Learn Different Concepts of Brain Age?Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Lifestyle, Early-life, and Genetic Health Risk Factors Underlying the Brain Age Gap: A Mega-Analysis Across 3,934 Individuals from the ENIGMA MDD Consortium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Parallel Gene Expression Changes in Ventral Midbrain Dopamine and GABA Neurons during Normal Aging.eNeuro · 2025Article
- The Aging Substantia Nigra is Characterized by ROS Accumulation Potentially Resulting in Increased Neuroinflammation and Cytoskeletal Remodeling.Advanced biology · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBrain age is a biomarker that predicts chronological age using neuroimaging features. Deviations of this predicted age from chronological age is considered a sign of age-related brain changes, or commonly referred to as brain ageing. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the evidence for an association between lifestyle, health factors and diseases in adult populations, with brain ageing.
methodsThis systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of Embase and Medline was conducted to identify relevant articles using search terms relating to the prediction of age from neuroimaging data or brain ageing. The tables of two recent review papers on brain ageing were also examined to identify additional articles. Studies were limited to adult humans (aged 18 years and above), from clinical or general populations. Exposures and study design of all types were also considered eligible.
resultsA systematic search identified 52 studies, which examined brain ageing in clinical and community dwelling adults (mean age between 21 to 78 years, ~ 37% were female). Most research came from studies of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease, or healthy populations that were assessed cognitively. From these studies, psychiatric and neurologic diseases were most commonly associated with accelerated brain ageing, though not all studies drew the same conclusions. Evidence for all other exposures is nascent, and relatively inconsistent. Heterogenous methodologies, or methods of outcome ascertainment, were partly accountable.
conclusionThis systematic review summarised the current evidence for an association between genetic, lifestyle, health, or diseases and brain ageing. Overall there is good evidence to suggest schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease are associated with accelerated brain ageing. Evidence for all other exposures was mixed or limited. This was mostly due to a lack of independent replication, and inconsistency across studies that were primarily cross sectional in nature. Future research efforts should focus on replicating current findings, using prospective datasets.
trial registrationA copy of the review protocol can be accessed through PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020142817 .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.