ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2021
HMGB1, NLRP3, IL-6 and ACE2 levels are elevated in COVID-19 with headache: a window to the infection-related headache mechanism.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Headaches and facial pain attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: a systematic review.European journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Altered expressions of CGRP, SULT1A1, HMGB1, and HIF-1α in the trigeminal ganglion in medication overuse headache in female rats.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex-related differences in the association between migraine, COVID-19, and long COVID: a population-based cohort.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Involvement of role of HMGB1-NLRP3 pathway in systemic disorders.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Microbiota alterations are related to migraine food triggers and inflammatory markers in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Migraine inhibitor olcegepant reduces weight loss and IL-6 release in SARS-CoV-2-infected older mice with neurological signs.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Occurrence of new or more severe headaches following COVID-19 is associated with markers of microglial activation and peripheral sensitization: results from a prospective cohort study.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Lipopolysaccharide, VE-cadherin, HMGB1, and HIF-1α levels are elevated in the systemic circulation in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache: evidence of leaky gut and inflammation.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Potential Beneficial Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Long COVID-A Review of the Literature.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Protein as a Therapeutic Target against COVID-19 and Long-Term Post-Infection Effects.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Susac syndrome in a patient with migraine shortly after COVID-19 booster vaccination: more than a temporal relation?Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Understanding Post-COVID-19: Mechanisms, Neurological Complications, Current Treatments, and Emerging Therapies.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of long COVID-19 syndrome on health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Leaky gut and inflammatory biomarkers in a medication overuse headache model in male rats.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Medication overuse headache is associated with elevated lipopolysaccharide binding protein and pro-inflammatory molecules in the bloodstream.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Article
- Headache in COVID-19 and Long COVID: to Know Facts for Clinical Practice.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Serum High-Mobility Group Box 1 and Heme Oxygenase-1 as Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients at Hospital Admission.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- [Headache associated with COVID-19 vaccination: how to classify?]Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimPathogenesis of COVID-19 -related headache is unknown, though the induction of the trigeminal neurons through inflammation is proposed. We aimed to investigate key systemic circulating inflammatory molecules and their clinical relations in COVID-19 patients with headache.
methodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 88 COVID-19 patients, hospitalized on a regular ward during the second wave of the pandemic. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were recorded, and laboratory tests were studied.
resultsThe mean ages of 48 COVID-19 patients with headache (47.71 ± 10.8) and 40 COVID-19 patients without headache (45.70 ± 12.72) were comparable. COVID-19 patients suffered from headache had significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1, NLRP3, ACE2, and IL-6 than COVID-19 patients without headache, whereas CGRP and IL-10 levels were similar in the groups. Angiotensin II level was significantly decreased in the headache group. COVID-19 patients with headache showed an increased frequency of pulmonary involvement and increased D- dimer levels. Furthermore, COVID-19 was more frequently associated with weight loss, nausea, and diarrhea in patients with headache. Serum NLRP3 levels were correlated with headache duration and hospital stay, while headache response to paracetamol was negatively correlated with HMGB1 and positively associated with IL-10 levels.
conclusionStronger inflammatory response is associated with headache in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate disease severity. Increased levels of the circulating inflammatory and/or nociceptive molecules like HMGB1, NLRP3, and IL-6 may play a role in the potential induction of the trigeminal system and manifestation of headache secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.