SynthesisPLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review.
Synthesis in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Establishing a standard method for analysing case detection delay in leprosy using a Bayesian modelling approach.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Pooled it
- Experiences of living with leprosy: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Delayed detection of leprosy cases: A systematic review of healthcare-related factors.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Factors associated with disability among patients with leprosy: a scoping review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Experiences and perceptions on diagnostic delay of leprosy by affected people in Colombia: A qualitative study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Transmission Patterns and Factors Influencing High Incidence of Leprosy among Indigenous Penan in Sarawak, Malaysia.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Implementation of ML Flow for leprosy contacts in Brazil: Opportunities, pitfalls, and safeguards.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- A retrospective review of leprosy diagnosed histopathologically from skin biopsy specimens in central South Africa.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The psychosocial impact of disability and stigma among persons affected by leprosy and lymphatic filariasis in India.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Delayed diagnosis as a barrier to Zero Leprosy: Lived experiences from Pakistan.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- CCDC122-LACC1 gene polymorphism is associated with protection against leprosy in a population from Northeastern Brazil: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Associated Factors of Mycobacterium Leprae Infection among People with Leprosy in Kwale County.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Leprosy perceptions and health seeking behaviour in Miandrivazo district, Madagascar.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Barriers to seeking healthcare services and contributing factors to grade 2 disability among women affected by leprosy in Telangana, India - a qualitative study.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Increasing Awareness and Early Detection of Common Skin Diseases in Indonesia Through an mHealth App: Protocol for an Awareness and Acceptability Study and Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Endemicity, disability and neglect: Leprosy in Colombia 2007-2020.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Current state and future directions of interventions for neglected tropical diseases.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- Evaluating Machine Learning Models for Predicting Late Leprosy Diagnosis by Physical Disability Grade in Brazil (2018-2022).Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Time trend and identification of risk areas for physical disability due to leprosy in Brazil: An ecological study, 2001-2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Understanding reasons for delay in diagnosis of leprosy in Pakistan: A qualitative study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe number of new leprosy cases is declining globally, but the disability caused by leprosy remains an important disease burden. The chance of disability is increased by delayed case detection. This review focusses on the individual and community determinants of delayed leprosy case detection.
methodsThis study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42020189274). To identify determinants of delayed detection, data was collected from five electronic databases: Embase.com, Medline All Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and the WHO Global Health Library.
resultsWe included 27 papers from 4315 records assessed. They originated in twelve countries, had been published between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2021, and described the factors related to delayed leprosy case detection, the duration of the delayed case, and the percentage of Grade 2 Disability (G2D). The median delay in detection ranged from 12 to 36 months, the mean delay ranged from 11.5 to 64.1 months, and the percentage of G2D ranged from 5.6 to 43.2%. Health-service-seeking behavior was the most common factor associated with delayed detection. The most common individual factors were older age, being male, having a lower disease-symptom perception, having multibacillary leprosy, and lack of knowledge. The most common socioeconomic factors were living in a rural area, performing agricultural labor, and being unemployed. Stigma was the most common social and community factor.
conclusionsDelayed leprosy case detection is clearly correlated with increased disability and should therefore be a priority of leprosy programs. Interventions should focus on determinants of delayed case detection such as health-service-seeking behavior, and should consider relevant individual, socioeconomic, and community factors, including stigmatization. Further study is required of the health service-related factors contributing to delay.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.