Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34383334›Full record

ArticleMuscle & nerve2021

Muscle architecture is associated with muscle fat replacement in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies.

Thom T J Veeger, Erik W van Zwet, Diaa Al Mohamad, Karin J Naarding, Nienke M van de Velde, Melissa T Hooijmans, Andrew G Webb, Erik H Niks, Jurriaan H de Groot, Hermien E Kan

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Muscle & nerve, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. 3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) in anisotropic lattice phantoms.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Thom T J VeegerC.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-8153-8862
Erik W van ZwetDepartment of Biostatistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5537-3179
Diaa Al MohamadDepartment of Biostatistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8810-8571
Karin J NaardingDepartment of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5022-3745
Nienke M van de VeldeDepartment of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1541-130X
Melissa T HooijmansDepartment of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2233-1383
Andrew G WebbC.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4045-9732
Erik H NiksDepartment of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5892-5143
Jurriaan H de GrootDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7828-8863
Hermien E KanC.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5772-7177
Leiden University Medical Center · NLAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

INTRODUCTION/

aimsDuchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD, respectively) are characterized by fat replacement of different skeletal muscles in a specific temporal order. Given the structural role of dystrophin in skeletal muscle mechanics, muscle architecture could be important in the progressive pathophysiology of muscle degeneration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the role of muscle architecture in the progression of fat replacement in DMD and BMD.

methodsWe assessed the association between literature-based leg muscle architectural characteristics and muscle fat fraction from 22 DMD and 24 BMD patients. Dixon-based magnetic resonance imaging estimates of fat fractions at baseline and 12 (only DMD) and 24 months were related to fiber length and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) using age-controlled linear mixed modeling.

resultsDMD and BMD muscles with long fibers and BMD muscles with large PCSAs were associated with increased fat fraction. The effect of fiber length was stronger in muscles with larger PCSA. DISCUSSION: Muscle architecture may explain the pathophysiology of muscle degeneration in dystrophinopathies, in which proximal muscles with a larger mass (fiber length × PCSA) are more susceptible, confirming the clinical observation of a temporal proximal-to-distal progression. These results give more insight into the mechanical role in the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophies. Ultimately, this new information can be used to help support the selection of current and the development of future therapies.

Indexed as

Muscular Dystrophy, DuchenneDystrophinHumansLegMagnetic Resonance ImagingMuscle, SkeletalDystrophindystrophinfat fractionMRImuscle degenerationpathophysiology

Identifiers

PMID34383334
PMCPMC9290788
OpenAlexW3188939308

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.