ArticleJournal of animal science2021
Shotgun proteomics of homogenate milk reveals dynamic changes in protein abundances between colostrum, transitional, and mature milk of swine.
Article in Journal of animal science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-omic characterization of the sow colostrum and milk microbiome and proteome.Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Multi-omics profiling finds synbio milk differs nutritionally from bovine milk and contains 93 uncharacterized fungal metabolites and 236 fungal proteins.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Small metabolites vary in sow milk across the course of lactation, while moringa supplementation and cooling sows exposed to heat stress conditions have limited effects.Translational animal science · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Gestational and Lactational Live Yeast Supplementation to Sows on Litter Performance, Colostrum and Milk Proteome Profiles.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Proteomic analysis of Buffalo milk somatic cells reveals metabolomic and immunological transitions during early lactation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Proteins in Donkey Milk in Different Lactation Stages.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Characterization of sow milk N-linked glycoproteome over the course of lactation.Journal of animal science · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Milk is an easily digestible source of nutrients and bioactive factors, its composition reflects the neonate's needs, and changes from colostrum to transitional and mature milk. Our objective was to measure milk fat, lactose, total carbohydrate, and protein content in parallel with global proteome of homogenate milk samples to characterize changes across the three phases of swine lactation. Milk samples were collected from multiparous sows (n = 9) on postnatal day 0 (D0; colostrum), 3 (D3; early transitional), 7 (D7; late transitional), and 14 (D14; mature). On D3, percent fat (16 ± 2.1) and lactose (3.8 ± 0.3) were higher (P < 0.05) than on D0 (10 ± 3.9 and 1.5 ± 0.3, respectively). Levels of fat and lactose were not different between D3 and D14. Percent total protein decreased (P < 0.05) between D0 (11 ± 2.1) and D3 (5 ± 0.7), but there was no significant change in percent protein between D3 and D14. Total carbohydrates increased (P < 0.05) between D3 (944 ± 353 µg/mL) and D14 (1,150 ± 462 µg/mL). Quantitative proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of homogenate D0, D3, and D14 milk samples (n = 6) identified 772 protein groups which corresponded to 501 individual protein-coding genes. A total of 207 high confidence proteins were detected in n = 3 sows/day. Of the high confidence proteins, 81 proteins were common among all 3 days of lactation. Among the proteins that decreased between the days (false discovery rate; FDR < 0.05) were multiple apolipoproteins and XDH which decreased between D0 to D3. Proteins that increased across the days (FDR < 0.05) were complement factors and 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAQ, YWHAE). Our data provide a good characterization of milk proteome changes that likely reflect mammary function as well as the neonate's phase-specific developmental needs. This data may be useful in developing approaches to enhance the health and welfare of swine.
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