ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
Caffeine for the Pharmacological Treatment of Apnea of Prematurity in the NICU: Dose Selection Conundrum, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Genetic Factors.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06401083 (The Effect of an Additional Pre-extubational Loading Dose of Caffeine-citrate), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of an Additional Pre-extubational Loading Dose of Caffeine-citrate
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteral and Parenteral Treatment with Caffeine for Preterm Infants in the Delivery Room: A Randomised Trial.Paediatric drugs · 2023Trial
- From caffeine use motives to sleep disturbance: network and structural equation modeling of caffeine use disorder and depression among caffeine consumers.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Personalization of Caffeine Therapy for Apnea of Prematurity: A Potential Role for Sensor Technologies?Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Caffeine citrate increases ciliary beat frequency in human respiratory epithelial cells.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Developmental age and clinical illness driveFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Editorial: Evaluating efficacy and outcomes in neonatal HIE treatment: A global perspective.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- New Insights into Cardiovascular and Exercise Physiology: A Compendium of the Special Issue.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Neuroprotective Effects of Caffeine in a Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Model are Regulated through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Pharmacological treatment for apnoea of prematurity-the need for an individualised approach.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- The association of gene polymorphisms of adenosine and dopamine receptors with the response to caffeine citrate treatment in infants with apnea of prematurity: a prospective nested case-control study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Development of Personalised Immediate-Release Gel-Based Formulations Using Semi-Solid Extrusion.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Caffeine: The Story beyond Oxygen-Induced Lung and Brain Injury in Neonatal Animal Models-A Narrative Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Association between PER and CRY gene polymorphisms and the response to caffeine citrate treatment in infants with apnea of prematurity.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Microbiota-indole 3-propionic acid-brain axis mediates abnormal synaptic pruning of hippocampal microglia and susceptibility to ASD in IUGR offspring.Microbiome · 2023Article
- The Effect of Caffeine on Heart Rate Variability in Newborns: A Pilot Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Caffeine Restores Neuronal Damage and Inflammatory Response in a Model of Intraventricular Hemorrhage of the Preterm Newborn.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Precision caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity and circadian rhythms: New possibilities open up.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- The timing of withdrawal from caffeine citrate in very preterm infants.Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2021Article
- Caffeine Therapy for Apnea of Prematurity: Role of the CircadianFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Caffeine citrate is the drug of choice for the pharmacological treatment of apnea of prematurity. Factors such as maturity and genetic variation contribute to the interindividual variability in the clinical response to caffeine therapy in preterm infants, making the optimal dose administered controversial. Moreover, the necessity for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of caffeine is still worth discussing due to the need to achieve the desired target concentrations as well as concerns about the safety of higher doses. Therefore, we reviewed the pharmacokinetic profile of caffeine in preterm infants, evidence of the safety and efficacy of different doses of caffeine, therapeutic concentration ranges of caffeine and impact of genetic variability on caffeine therapy. Whereas the safety and efficacy of standard-dose caffeine have been demonstrated, evidence for the safety of higher administered doses is insufficient. Thus, preterm infants who lack clinical response to standard-dose caffeine therapy are of interest for TDM when dose optimization is performed. Polymorphisms in pharmacodynamics-related genes, but not in pharmacokinetics-related genes, have a significant impact on the interindividual variability in clinical response to caffeine therapy. For preterm infants lacking clinical response, how to develop individualized medication regimens for caffeine remains to be explored.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.