ArticleBMJ open2021
Breast feeding and infant development in a cohort with sibling pair analysis: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of feeding and delivery modes with the risk of otitis media with effusion in children: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Differences in Neurocognitive Development Between Children Who Had Had No Breast Milk and Those Who Had Had Breast Milk for at Least 6 Months.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding in women with HIV infection: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators.PloS one · 2024Article
- Factors associated with physical growth status among children aged 12-59 months in the Japanese National Growth Survey on Preschool Children: A retrospective analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Observational
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the association between breast feeding and infant development during the first year of life using sibling comparison.
designNationwide prospective birth cohort study with sibling pair analysis.
setting15 regional centres that participated in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.
participantsThis study included 77 119 children (singleton, term birth and no malformation/severe diseases) whose mothers were registered between January 2011 and March 2014, including 3521 duos or trios of siblings. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was developmental delay at 6 and 12 months of age, assessed using the Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, third edition. Multivariable regression analyses adjusted for confounders were performed to estimate the risk ratios of delay associated with any or exclusive breast feeding. Pairs of siblings discordant for statuses were selected, and conditional regression analyses were conducted with a matched cohort design.
resultsDevelopmental delay was identified in 6162 (8.4%) and 10 442 (14.6%) children at 6 and 12 months of age, respectively. Any breast feeding continued until 6 months or 12 months old was associated with reduced developmental delay at 12 months of age (adjusted risk ratio (95% CI): 0.81 (0.77 to 0.85) and 0.81 (0.78 to 0.84), respectively). Furthermore, exclusive breast feeding until 3 months was associated with reduced developmental delay at 12 months of age (adjusted risk ratio, 0.86 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.90)). In sibling pair analysis, the association between any breast feeding until 12 months and reduced developmental delay at 12 months of age persisted (adjusted risk ratio, 0.64 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.93)).
conclusionsThe present study demonstrated the association of continuous breast feeding with reduced developmental delay at 1 year of age using sibling pair analysis, in which unmeasured confounding factors are still present but less included. This may provide an argument to promote breastfeeding continuation.
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