Trial reportJournal of cardiothoracic surgery2021
A three-dimensional printed model in preoperative consent for ventricular septal defect repair.
Trial report in Journal of cardiothoracic surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of 3D Printing on Cardiac Surgery in Congenital Heart Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Pooled it
- Three-Dimensional-Printed Models and Shared Decision-Making: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Research hotspots and frontier trends in the field of 3D printing in medical education from 2010 to 2025: a bibliometric analysis.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- Using 3D-printing technology for patient education: a review of the literature.3D printing in medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- The Role of 3D Printing in Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Diseases.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Investigation of the Clinical Value of Four Visualization Modalities for Congenital Heart Disease.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease: Beyond Lumen Assessment.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- The utility of three-dimensional modeling and printing in pediatric surgical patient and family education: a systematic review.3D printing in medicine · 2024Article
- Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Models in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Role of 3D Printing in Planning Complex Medical Procedures and Training of Medical Professionals-Cross-Sectional Multispecialty Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- The Role of Three-dimensional Printed Models in Women's Health.Women's health (London, England)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe 3D printing technology in congenital cardiac surgery has been widely utilized to improve patients' understanding of their disease. However, there has been no randomized controlled study on its usefulness in surgical consent for congenital heart disease repair.
methodsA randomized controlled study was performed during consent process in which guardians of candidates for ventricular septal defect repair were given detailed explanation of the anatomy, indication for surgery and potential complication and risks using 3D print ventricular septal defect model (n = 20) versus a conventional 2D diagram (n = 20). A questionnaire was finished by each guardian of the patients. Data collected from questionnaires as well as medical records were statistically analyzed.
resultsStatistically significant improvements in ratings of understanding of ventricular septal defect anatomy (p = 0.02), and of the surgical procedure and potential complications (p = 0.02) were noted in the group that used the 3D model, though there was no difference in overall ratings of the consent process (p = 0.09). There was no difference in questionnaire score between subjects with different education levels. The clinical outcomes, as represented by the duration of intensive care unit stay, intubation duration was comparable between the two groups.
conclusionsThe results indicated that it was an effective tool which may be used to consent for congenital heart surgery. Different education levels do not affect guardians' understanding in consent. The impact of 3D printing used in this scenario on long term outcomes remains to be defined.
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