Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34380467›Full record

ArticleBMC ophthalmology2021

Incidence of strabismus, strabismus surgeries, and other vision conditions in Prader-Willi syndrome: data from the Global Prader-Willi Syndrome Registry.

Jessica E Bohonowych, Caroline J Vrana-Diaz, Jennifer L Miller, Shawn E McCandless, Theresa V Strong

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  5. Article
  6. Strabismus in Genetic Syndromes: A Review.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Analysis ofGenes · 2022
    Review
  14. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jessica E BohonowychFoundation for Prader-Willi Research, Walnut, CA, USA.
Caroline J Vrana-DiazFoundation for Prader-Willi Research, Walnut, CA, USA.
Jennifer L MillerUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Shawn E McCandlessUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Theresa V StrongFoundation for Prader-Willi Research, Walnut, CA, USA. theresa.strong@fpwr.org.
Foundation for Prader-Willi Research · USUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · USUniversity of Florida · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is a relative lack of information on the incidence and treatment of vision problems in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Using data from the Global PWS Registry, we performed a cross-sectional study of vision problems in PWS.

methodsData, reported by caregivers who completed the Vision Survey in the Global PWS Registry between May of 2015 and March of 2020, were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

resultsThere were 908 participants in this survey, with a mean age of 14.5 years (range 0-62 years). The prevalence of strabismus in this population was 40 %, with no statistically significant difference in prevalence by genetic subtype. Ninety-one percent of participants with strabismus were diagnosed before 5 years of age. Of those with strabismus, 42 % went on to have strabismus surgery, with 86 % of those having their first strabismus surgery before 5 years of age and 10.1 % having more than one strabismus surgery. Additional vision issues reported included myopia (41 %), hyperopia (25 %), astigmatism (25 %), and amblyopia (16 %).

conclusionsThe prevalence of strabismus, amblyopia, and hyperopia are considerably higher in the PWS population represented in the Global PWS Registry as compared to the general population. People with PWS should be screened early and regularly for vision problems.

Indexed as

Prader-Willi SyndromeStrabismusAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMiddle AgedRegistriesYoung AdultPrader-Willi syndromeRegistryStrabismusVision

Identifiers

PMID34380467
PMCPMC8359621
OpenAlexW3193057251

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.