Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34380458›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2021

The association of minerals intake in three meals with cancer and all-cause mortality: the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2014.

Xiaoqing Xu, Wei Wei, Jiaxu Xu, Jiaxin Huang, Li Li, Tianshu Han, Jiayue Qi, Changhao Sun, Ying Li, Wenbo Jiang

Open access · goldAbstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. [Innovative Practices of Precision Nutrition in Obesity Intervention: From Theory to Application].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xiaoqing Xu *Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
Wei Wei *Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
Jiaxu Xu *Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
Jiaxin HuangDepartment of Postgraduate, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Li LiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
Tianshu HanDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
Jiayue QiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
Changhao SunDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
Ying LiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081. liying_helen@163.com.
Wenbo JiangDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081. hmuwenbojiang@163.com.
Harbin Medical University · CNThird Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University · CN

Funding

the national natural science foundation 81803227the national natural science foundation 82030100the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST 2019QNRC001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntake time of diet has recently been demonstrated to be associated with the internal clock and circadian pattern. However, whether and how the intake time of minerals would influence the natural course of cancer was largely unknown.

methodsThis study aimed to assess the association of mineral intake at different periods with cancer and all-cause mortality. A total of 27,455 participants aged 18-85 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were recruited. The main exposures were the mineral intakes in the morning, afternoon and evening, which were categorized into quintiles, respectively. The main outcomes were mortality of cancer and all causes.

resultsDuring the 178,182 person-years of follow-up, 2680 deaths, including 601 deaths due to cancer, were documented. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to the participants who were in the lowest quintile(quintile-1) of mineral intakes at dinner, the participants in the highest quintile intake(quintile-5) of dietary potassium, calcium and magnesium had lower mortality risks of cancer (HRpotassium = 0.72, 95% CI:0.55-0.94, P for trend = 0.023; HRcalcium = 0.74, 95% CI:0.57-0.98, P for trend = 0.05; HRmagnesium = 0.75, 95% CI:0.56-0.99, P for trend = 0.037) and all-cause (HRpotassium = 0.83, 95% CI:0.73-0.94, P for trend = 0.012; HRcalcium = 0.87, 95% CI:0.76-0.99, P for trend = 0.025; HRmagnesium = 0.85, 95% CI:0.74-0.97, P for trend = 0.011; HRcopper = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.94, P for trend = 0.012). Further, equivalently replacing 10% of dietary potassium, calcium and magnesium consumed in the morning with those in the evening were associated with lower mortality risk of cancer (HRpotassium = 0.94, 95%CI:0.91-0.97; HRcalcium = 0.95, 95%CI:0.92-0.98; HRmagnesium = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.92-0.98).

conclusionsThis study demonstrated that the optimal intake time of potassium, calcium and magnesium for reducing the risk of cancer and all-cause mortality was in the evening.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsMealsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCause of DeathFemaleHistory, 21st CenturyHumansMaleMiddle AgedMineralsNeoplasmsNutritional StatusNutrition SurveysProportional Hazards ModelsMineralsCancer mortalityChrono-nutritionMineralsNHANES

Identifiers

PMID34380458
PMCPMC8359108
OpenAlexW3133286786

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.