ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021
Impact of travel ban implementation on COVID-19 spread in Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea during the early phase of the pandemic: a comparative study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longitudinal characterization of COVID-19 across a surveillance transition in Japan: thirteen epidemic waves, 2020-2025.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of voluntary PCR testing against COVID-19 spread in remote Japanese islands.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Article
- Intensity of public health and social measures are associated with effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Policy Disparities Between Singapore and Israel in Response to the First Omicron Wave.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2023Article
- COVID-19 lockdown introduces human mobility pattern changes for both Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area and the San Francisco bay area.International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation : ITC journal · 2022Article
- Bidirectional Causality between Spreading COVID-19 and Individual Mobilisation with Consumption Motives across Prefectural Borders in Japan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Comparative Dynamics of Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variants across and between California and Mexico.Viruses · 2022Article
- Perceived Stress and Interest in Non-Invasive Aesthetic Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2022Article
- Epidemiological Characteristics and Core Containment Measures of Imported COVID-19 Cases from Abroad in Early Phase in Guangdong, China.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has elicited imposition of some form of travel restrictions by almost all countries in the world. Most restrictions currently persist, although some have been gradually eased. It remains unclear if the trade-off from the unprecedented disruption to air travel was well worth for pandemic containment.
methodA comparative analysis was conducted on Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea's COVID-19 response. Data on COVID-19 cases, travel-related and community interventions, socio-economic profile were consolidated. Trends on imported and local cases were analyzed using computations of moving averages, rate of change, particularly in response to distinct waves of travel-related interventions due to the outbreak in China, South Korea, Iran & Italy, and Europe.
resultsSouth Korea's travel restrictions were observed to be consistently more lagged in terms of timeliness and magnitude, with their first wave of travel restrictions on flights departing from China implemented 34 days after the outbreak in Wuhan, compared to 22-26 days taken by Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. South Korea's restrictions against all countries came after 91 days, compared to 78-80 days for the other three countries. The rate of change of imported cases fell by 1.08-1.43 across all four countries following the first wave of travel restrictions on departures from China, and by 0.22-0.52 in all countries except South Korea in the fifth wave against all international travellers. Delayed rate of change of local cases resulting from travel restrictions imposed by the four countries with intrinsic importation risk, were not observed.
conclusionsTravel restriction was effective in preventing COVID-19 case importation in early outbreak phase, but may still be limited in preventing general local transmission. The impact of travel restrictions, regardless of promptness, in containing epidemics likely also depends on the effectiveness of local surveillance and non-pharmaceutical interventions concurrently implemented.
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