Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34380202›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of health policy and management2022

Improving Access to Surgery Through Surgical Team Mentoring - Policy Lessons From Group Model Building With Local Stakeholders in Malawi.

Henk Broekhuizen, Martilord Ifeanyichi, Gerald Mwapasa, Chiara Pittalis, Patrick Noah, Nyengo Mkandawire, Eric Borgstein, Ruairí Brugha, Jakub Gajewski, Leon Bijlmakers

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of health policy and management, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Henk BroekhuizenRadboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2816-3552
Martilord IfeanyichiRadboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0611-6795
Gerald MwapasaCollege of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
Chiara PittalisInstitute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-3465-9850
Patrick NoahCollege of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
Nyengo MkandawireCollege of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
Eric BorgsteinCollege of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
Ruairí BrughaDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-0729-0197
Jakub GajewskiInstitute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-0440-6051
Leon BijlmakersRadboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2252-0579

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is much scope to empower district hospital (DH) surgical teams in low- and middle-income countries to undertake a wider range and a larger number of surgical procedures so as to make surgery more accessible to rural populations and decrease the number of unnecessary referrals to central hospitals (CHs). For surgical team mentoring in the form of field visits to be undertaken as a routine activity, it needs to be embedded in the local context. This paper explores the complex dimensions of implementing surgical team mentoring in Malawi by identifying stakeholder-sourced scenarios that fit with, among others, national policy and regulations, incentives to perform surgery, career opportunities, competing priorities, alternatives for performing surgery locally and the proximity and role of referral hospitals.

methodsA mixed methods approach was used which combined stakeholder input - obtained through two group model building (GMB) workshops and further consultations with local stakeholders and SURG-Africa project staff - and dynamic modeling to explore policy options for sustaining and rolling out surgical team mentoring. Sensitivity analyses were also performed.

resultsEach of the two GMB workshops resulted in a causal loop diagram (CLD) with an array of factors and feedback loops describing the complexity of surgical team mentoring. Six implementation scenarios were defined to perform such mentoring. For each the resource requirements were identified for the institutions involved - notably DHs, CHs and the party that would finance the required mentoring trips - along with the potential for scaling up surgery at DHs under severe financial constraints.

conclusionTo sustain surgical mentoring, it is important that an approach of continued communication, monitoring, and (re-)evaluation is taken. In addition, an output- or performance-based financing scheme for DHs is required to incentivize them to scale up surgery.

Indexed as

MentoringHospitals, DistrictHumansMalawiMotivationPolicyAccessGlobal SurgeryGroup Model BuildingMalawiSurgical MentoringSustainability

Identifiers

PMID34380202
PMCPMC9808242

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.