ArticleComputer methods and programs in biomedicine2021
A SAS macro for modelling periodic data using cosinor analysis.
Article in Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phenotypes of sleep health among adults with chronic heart failure in a randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.Sleep health · 2024Trial
- Rest-activity rhythms predict time to hospitalizations and emergency department visits among participants in a randomized control of adults with heart failure and insomnia.Sleep medicine · 2023Trial
- Impact of the 2015 Dutch Long-Term Care Reform on Nursing Home Use and Access for People With Dementia.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Training-Fuel Coupling (TFC): A Molecular Sports Nutrition Framework for Energy Availability, Chrono-Nutrition, and Performance Optimization.Nutrients · 2026Review
- A SAS macro for multilevel Cosinor analysis.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Utilisation of nursing home care before and after the 2015 Dutch national reform: an interrupted time series analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Sleep-independent circadian rhythm of aldosterone secretion in healthy young adults.Sleep health · 2024Article
- Acute hospital use in older adults following the 2015 Dutch reform of long-term care: an interrupted time series analysis.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2023Article
- Motivation states to move, be physically active and sedentary vary like circadian rhythms and are associated with affect and arousal.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- Enhancing cosinor analysis of circadian phase markers using the gamma distribution.Sleep medicine · 2022Article
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveCosinor analysis, developed by Franz Hallberg and colleagues in the 1960s, allows for the fitting of a cosine curve to data of a known period. Cosinor analysis is frequently used in the analysis of biological rhythm data. While software exists to perform these analyses, we are not aware of any published SAS procedures or macros which would facilitate them.
methodsTo meet this gap, we herein describe SAS macros which perform cosinor analyses that assume either normally or gamma distributed outcomes and fixed period. The macros can 1) produce datasets with cosinor parameters including acrophase, mesor, amplitude, nadir and test for rhythmicity 2) output datasets with fitted and observed values from the model, and 3) plot the resulting curve and underlying data.
resultsWe demonstrate the use of these macros with data from our research on circadian rhythms of heart rate and sleep in critically ill patients.
conclusionsCosinor analysis provides a parsimonious and intuitive set of estimates to summarize periodic data. We are hopeful that the publication of our macro will allow a wider spectrum of users to avail themselves of this technique.
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