ArticleCell reports2021
No evidence of human genome integration of SARS-CoV-2 found by long-read DNA sequencing.
Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: science versus misinformation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Single-Cell RNA-Seq Profiling of Transposable Element Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Cells During Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Interactions: A Literature Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Long-read sequencing reveals genomic and epigenomic variation in the dark genome of human Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Long-read detection of transposable element mobilization in the soma of hypomethylated Arabidopsis thaliana individuals.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Multi-omics landscapes reveal heterogeneity in long COVID patients characterized with enhanced neutrophil activity.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- The mRNA-LNP vaccines - the good, the bad and the ugly?Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Nanopore sequencing technology and its applications.MedComm · 2023Review
- Towards Understanding Long COVID: SARS-CoV-2 Strikes the Host Cell Nucleus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- An insight overview on COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Advantageous, pharmacology, mechanism of action, and prospective considerations.International immunopharmacology · 2023Review
- Should We Expect an Increase in the Number of Cancer Cases in People with Long COVID?Microorganisms · 2023Review
- TaME-seq2: tagmentation-assisted multiplex PCR enrichment sequencing for viral genomic profiling.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Persistent circulation of soluble and extracellular vesicle-linked Spike protein in individuals with postacute sequelae of COVID-19.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Nuclear translocation of spike mRNA and protein is a novel feature of SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Nanopore Sequencing to Identify Transposable Element Insertions and Their Epigenetic Modifications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Retrotransposon instability dominates the acquired mutation landscape of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Nuclear translocation of spike mRNA and protein is a novel pathogenic feature of SARS-CoV-2.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- Lessons Learned and Yet-to-Be Learned on the Importance of RNA Structure in SARS-CoV-2 Replication.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A recent study proposed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) hijacks the LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition machinery to integrate into the DNA of infected cells. If confirmed, this finding could have significant clinical implications. Here, we apply deep (>50×) long-read Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing to HEK293T cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 and do not find the virus integrated into the genome. By examining ONT data from separate HEK293T cultivars, we completely resolve 78 L1 insertions arising in vitro in the absence of L1 overexpression systems. ONT sequencing applied to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive liver cancer tissues located a single HBV insertion. These experiments demonstrate reliable resolution of retrotransposon and exogenous virus insertions by ONT sequencing. That we find no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 integration suggests that such events are, at most, extremely rare in vivo and therefore are unlikely to drive oncogenesis or explain post-recovery detection of the virus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.