Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34379280›Full record

Observational studyJournal of general internal medicine2022

Influenza vaccination and mortality among adults with heart failure in an integrated healthcare delivery system, 2009-2018.

Matthew T Mefford, Ran Liu, Katia Bruxvoort, Lei Qian, Jonathan M Doris, Sandra Y Koyama, Hung Fu Tseng, Kristi Reynolds

Open access · bronzeAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of general internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Matthew T MeffordDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA. matthew.t.mefford@kp.org.ORCID 0000-0002-0735-0340
Ran LiuDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Katia BruxvoortDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Lei QianDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Jonathan M DorisDepartment of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Sandra Y KoyamaInternal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Baldwin Park, CA, USA.
Hung Fu TsengDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Kristi ReynoldsDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Kaiser Permanente · USKaiser Permanente Baldwin Park Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfluenza infection can result in decompensation or exacerbation of heart failure (HF) symptoms, hospitalization, and death.

objectiveTo examine the association of influenza vaccination with mortality and hospitalization during influenza and non-influenza seasons between 2009 and 2018. DESIGN, SETTING, AND

participantsIn this prospective, observational cohort study, we included Kaiser Permanente Southern California members with a HF diagnosis prior to September 1 each year from 2009 to 2017. EXPOSURE: The first influenza vaccination in each season (September 1 to May 31) was recorded. Vaccinated/unvaccinated patients were matched 1:1 on age, sex, and ejection fraction at the vaccination date (n-total = 74,870). MAIN OUTCOMES: Patients were followed through the end of each influenza season for all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular mortality and all-cause hospitalization. In a sensitivity analysis, we examined mortality in the non-influenza season.

resultsInfluenza vaccinated vs unvaccinated patients had more comorbidities and higher healthcare utilization. After multivariable adjustment for utilization, sociodemographics, comorbidities, and medications, influenza vaccinated vs unvaccinated patients had a lower risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality during the influenza season (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63, 0.70 and HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.63, 0.74, respectively) but a higher risk of all-cause hospitalization (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.21, 1.31). There was no association between influenza vaccination and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality during the non-influenza season (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89, 1.09 and HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.84, 1.21, respectively).

conclusionsInfluenza vaccination in HF patients was associated with a lower risk of mortality during the influenza season. Our findings provide support for recommendations of universal influenza vaccination in patients with HF.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health Care, IntegratedHeart DiseasesHeart FailureInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesAdultHospitalizationHumansProspective StudiesVaccinationInfluenza Vaccinescardiovascular diseaseepidemiologyheart failuremortality

Identifiers

PMID34379280
PMCPMC9360203
OpenAlexW3192013747

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.