ReviewOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2021
Diagnosis and Management of Little League Shoulder: A Systematic Review.
Review in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physeal stress injury in youth athletes: upper extremity imaging findings.Skeletal radiology · 2026Review
- Imaging of pediatric musculoskeletal trauma: Age-specific considerations and challenges.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Novel Stress Tests for Diagnosing Little League Shoulder and Determining the Timing of Return to Sports.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Upper Extremity Stress Fractures.Sports medicine - open · 2024Review
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patterns of Common Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Athletes.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2024Article
- A narrative review of little league shoulder: proximal humeral physis widening is only one piece of the puzzle, it is time to consider posterior glenoid dysplasia.JSES international · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLittle League shoulder (LLS) is an overuse injury characterized by throwing-related pain that commonly presents in adolescent male athletes. Investigations into the optimal duration of rest from throwing and protocols for graduated return to sports (RTS) are lacking. PURPOSE: To summarize the current literature with respect to the diagnosis, management, RTS, and return to throwing for LLS.
designSystematic review; Level of evidence, 4.
methodsThe databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched between inception and April 22, 2020. References of retrieved records were reviewed for potentially eligible studies. English-language studies that reported the diagnosis and/or management of LLS in children or adolescents were included. Studies of animals or cadavers, review articles, and non-peer reviewed records were excluded. Data were summarized narratively using descriptive statistics.
resultsOverall, 23 studies (21 level 4 studies, 2 level 3 studies) met the criteria for a total of 266 participants with a weighted mean age of 12.8 years (range, 7.4-17 years). Treatment recommendations evolved from prolonged rest and complete cessation of throwing to shorter periods of rest and graduated RTS. Less than half (11/23) of studies reported specific criteria to RTS; 1 case report discussed a coaching strategy to resume throwing, and 1 case report discussed a regimented throwing program. The proportion of participants returning to any sport participation was 94.0% (n = 157/167). The proportion returning to their preinjury level of sport was 92.5% (n = 123/133). Upon RTS, 18.7% (n = 35/187) of participants experienced a recurrence of symptoms. Premature closure of the epiphysis was reported in 1 participant.
conclusionYoung athletes with LLS may return to play after a period of rest, and a high proportion return to their preinjury level of sport. Further prospective studies are warranted to develop evidence-based, graduated RTS protocols and to better capture any long-term sequelae of the condition.
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