SynthesisOncoimmunology2021
The effect of concomitant use of statins, NSAIDs, low-dose aspirin, metformin and beta-blockers on outcomes in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Oncoimmunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Efficacy and Safety of Beta-blockers and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Targeted oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of concomitant medications on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: an umbrella review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of metformin therapy in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of 22 randomised controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Concomitant Statins and the Survival of Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Platelet-derived mitochondrial transfer in cancer metastasis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and translational opportunities.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Review
- β-Adrenergic receptors as immunomodulators in T cells: mechanisms of neuroimmune crosstalk and pathophysiological implications.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Concomitant Medication Effects on Immunotherapy Outcomes in Sarcoma: A Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Seven Phase II Trials.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Immunological Drug-Drug Interactions in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Artificial Intelligence.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Breast tumor microbiome regulates anti-tumor immunity and T cell-associated metabolites.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The impact of concomitant medications on treatment outcomes in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Targeting neutrophil-driven immunosuppression: A strategy to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of the Combination of Concomitant Drugs on Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Impact of medications on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Neuro-immune cross-talk in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- The association of azole antifungals with overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Morphine treatment restricts response to immunotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Targeting the peripheral neural-tumour microenvironment for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Causality between autoimmune diseases and breast cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study in a European population.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Harnessing Oxylipins and Inflammation Modulation for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy shows promising therapeutic efficacy against various types of cancer, but most fail to respond. Preclinical studies have suggested that concomitant medications, such as statins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, metformin and beta-blockers, might affect clinical outcomes if used with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but their clinical roles are conflicting. This meta-analysis investigates the effect of these concomitant medications on outcomes in patients treated with ICIs. A search was conducted for all reports published until 31 March 2021 in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and conference proceedings. Studies were included if they investigated the association between the concomitant use of these medications and progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) during ICI treatment. A total of 3331 patients from 13 eligible studies were included. Among them, five articles on statins, six studies evaluating NSAIDs, five studies employing low-dose aspirin, eight studies on metformin and four articles on beta-blockers were included. The concomitant use of statins during ICI treatment was correlated with improved OS and PFS. Low-dose aspirin was associated with better PFS instead of OS. No significant association was demonstrated between the concurrent use of NSAIDs, beta-blockers and metformin and OS or PFS. The concomitant use of statins and low-dose aspirin during ICI treatment showed a positive impact on treatment outcomes. The concurrent use of NSAIDs, beta-blockers and metformin is not significantly associated with clinical benefits. The effect of these medications in different cancer patients treated with ICI is needed to be further validated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.