ArticleMultiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical
Impact of the Swank and Wahls elimination dietary interventions on fatigue and quality of life in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The WAVES randomized parallel-arm clinical trial.
Article in Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dietary Approaches to Treat Multiple Sclerosis-Related Fatigue Study
Evaluation of an Online Course Designed to Support the Adoption of Healthier Diet and Self-Care Routines in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of diet on fatigue, quality of life and disability status in multiple sclerosis patients: rapid review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of a Remote Multimodal Intervention Involving Diet, Walking Program, and Breathing Exercise on Quality of Life Among Newly Diagnosed People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Quasi-Experimental Non-Inferiority Pilot Study.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2024Trial
- A low-fat diet improves fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Results from a randomized controlled trial.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of a web-based program for the adoption of wellness behaviors to self-manage fatigue and improve quality of life among people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized waitlist-control trial.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2023Trial
- Association of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin BMultiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2023Trial
- Phase II study of ketogenic diets in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety, tolerability and potential clinical benefits.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Dietary regimens and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Review
- The Effect of an Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) Diet in Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Single Arm Crossover Pilot Feasibility Study.Musculoskeletal care · 2026Article
- Predicting Dietary Impact on Multiple Sclerosis-Related Symptoms With the Gut Microbiome: A Pilot Study Using Unsupervised Machine Learning.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites in defining multiple sclerosis phenotypic continuum.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Epstein-Barr virus infection and vitamin D deficiency are both "causal" for multiple sclerosis (MS) - could the common denominator be their effects on hepcidin levels?Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Examination of social media nutrition information related to multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional social network analysis.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Management and Prevention of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Can Antioxidant-Rich Dietary Interventions Help?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity in Modulating Disease Progression and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- The link between gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis from the perspective of barrier function.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- From prevention to management: Exploring the impact of diet on multiple sclerosis.Translational neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the effect of the modified Paleolithic elimination (Wahls) and low-saturated fat (Swank) diets in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
methodsIndividuals (n = 87) with RRMS were randomized to the Swank or Wahls diets in a parallel group clinical trial consisting of four timepoints: 1) run-in, 2) baseline, 3) 12-weeks, and 4) 24-weeks.
results77 participants completed 12 weeks and 72 completed 24 weeks. The 12-week change from baseline in fatigue was -0.94 ± 0.18 (FSS) and -9.87 ± 1.93 (MFIS; both p < 0.0001) for Swank, and -0.71 ± 0.24 (FSS; p = 0.004) and -14.41 ± 2.22 (MFIS; p ≤ 0.0001) for Wahls. Physical MSQoL scores improved by 6.04 ± 2.18 (p = 0.006) for Swank and by 14.5 ± 2.63 (p < 0.0001) for Wahls. Mental MSQoL scores improved by 11.3 ± at 2.79 (p < 0.0001) for Wahls while the Swank did not change (3.85 ± 2.63; p = 0.14). Neither group showed significant changes in 6-minute walking distance at 12 weeks. All outcomes were maintained or further improved at 24 weeks.
conclusionsBoth diets were associated with clinically meaningful within-group reductions in fatigue and improvements in QoL.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.