ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2021
Exogenous loading of miRNAs into small extracellular vesicles.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Marine-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Bioinspired Nanobiomaterials for Skin Regeneration and Dermatological Applications.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Targetome-defined miR-181c signaling from extracellular vesicles governs periodontal MSC fate via RNF150-MAP3K5.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Robust loading and delivery of functional small RNAsBioactive materials · 2026Article
- Iron Salts, but Not Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Drive High-Yield Production of Iron-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- The potential of bioengineered exosomes in regenerative medicine: a next generation therapy.Human cell · 2026Review
- The Mechanistic Review of the Molecular Interface of RNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles: Redefining Targeted Therapy for Autoimmune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as regulators of chemotherapy resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Delivery of miR-25802 via Small Vesicles Protects Against Mitochondrial Injury, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Germ cell-directed exosomal delivery enables in vivo genetic modification in birds.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- miR-423-5p-enriched small extracellular vesicles drive periodontal regeneration via Sfrp2+ cell expansion.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- The Status of Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Carriers and Therapeutics.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- Engineering MSC-exosomes for diabetic bone regeneration: from mechanism to delivery.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Bioreactor expansion of human neural progenitor cells for exosome scalable production and miRNA-engineering.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Ethanol-Guided Hybridization of Extracellular Vesicles with Liquid-Crystalline Lipid Nanoparticles.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Exosome-Inspired Nanocarriers in Cancer Therapy: Bio-Derived Nanotechnology Meets Nano Drug Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Gene and RNA Therapeutics: Biological, Engineering, and Translational Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Insights into extracellular vesicle-based platforms on the way to cancer treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in chronic wound therapy: engineering strategies and advanced delivery systems for enhanced regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Hybrid Extracellular Vesicles With Combined Functional Properties From Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Astrocytes for Targeted Neurodegenerative Disease Applications.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), through their natural ability to interact with biological membranes and exploit endogenous processing pathways to convey biological information, are quintessential for the delivery of therapeutically relevant compounds, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins. Here, we used a fluorescently-labelled miRNA to quantify the efficiency of different methods to modulate the cargo of sEVs. Our results showed that, compared with electroporation, heat shock, permeation by a detergent-based compound (saponin) or cholesterol-modification of the miRNA, Exo-Fect was the most efficient method with > 50% transfection efficiency. Furthermore, qRT-PCR data showed that, compared with native sEVs, Exo-Fect modulation led to a > 1000-fold upregulation of the miRNA of interest. Importantly, this upregulation was observed for sEVs isolated from multiple sources. The modulated sEVs were able to delivery miR-155-5p into a reporter cell line, confirming the successful delivery of the miRNA to the target cell and, more importantly, its functionality. Finally, we showed that the membrane of Exo-Fect-loaded sEVs was altered compared with native sEVs and that enhanced the internalization of Exo-Fect-loaded sEVs within the target cells and decreased the interaction of those modulated sEVs with lysosomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.