ArticleJournal of pain research2021
The Cost of Lost Productivity in an Opioid Utilizing Pain Sample.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of preoperative opioid exposure on cost of care and workplace productivity loss after elective surgery.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Article
- Opioid Consumption in Chronic Pain Patients: Role of Perceived Injustice and Other Psychological and Socioeconomic Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsChronic pain affects more adults in the United States than any other condition. Opioid medications are widely used in the treatment of chronic pain, but there remains considerable risk and cost associated with their use. This study aims to characterize the effects of opioid prescribing for chronic pain and similar pain conditions on lost productivity in the United States.
methodsThis was a retrospective, longitudinal, observational study of chronic pain patients in 2011-2014. We identified patients with a diagnosis of musculoskeletal pain receiving index prescription for opioids in administrative claims and studied disability absence in a linked health and productivity management database. Patients were grouped as de novo and continued use opioid users before index, and by opioid dose in the year after index. Days of disability were compared before and after index with bootstrapping. Effect of opioid dose group on disability was evaluated with negative binomial regression. Lost productivity cost was compared before and after index.
resultsThe cohort contained 16,273 de novo and 6604 continued use patients. On average, de novo patients used 24.8 days of disability after index, an increase of 18.3 more days compared to before (p < 0.001). Continued use patients used 30.7 days after index, 9 more days than before (p < 0.001). There was a dose-response relationship between dose group and days of disability in de novo patients (p < 0.001). The weighted-average cost per person of lost productivity was $4344 higher in the year after index compared to the year before.
conclusionOpioid prescriptions for pain patients were associated with significant disability use and lost productivity costs. With the evolution of opioid-prescribing practices, CDC recommendations, and the HHS Pain Management Best Practices, there is opportunity to use alternative pain therapies without the risks of opioid-induced side effects to improve work productivity.
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