Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34376748›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Improving magnetic resonance imaging with smart and thin metasurfaces.

Endri Stoja, Simon Konstandin, Dennis Philipp, Robin N Wilke, Diego Betancourt, Thomas Bertuch, Jürgen Jenne, Reiner Umathum, Matthias Günther

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Metamaterial Antennas Enhance MRI of the Eye and Occipital Brain.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  4. In Vivo Brain BNMR in biomedicine · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. In vivoMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Endri StojaFraunhofer FHR, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 53343, Wachtberg, Germany.
Simon KonstandinFraunhofer MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
Dennis PhilippFraunhofer MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany. dennis.philipp@mevis.fraunhofer.de.
Robin N WilkeFraunhofer MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
Diego BetancourtFraunhofer FHR, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 53343, Wachtberg, Germany.
Thomas BertuchFraunhofer FHR, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 53343, Wachtberg, Germany.
Jürgen JenneFraunhofer MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
Reiner UmathumFraunhofer MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
Matthias GüntherFraunhofer MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over almost five decades of development and improvement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a rich and powerful, non-invasive technique in medical imaging, yet not reaching its physical limits. Technical and physiological restrictions constrain physically feasible developments. A common solution to improve imaging speed and resolution is to use higher field strengths, which also has subtle and potentially harmful implications. However, patient safety is to be considered utterly important at all stages of research and clinical routine. Here we show that dynamic metamaterials are a promising solution to expand the potential of MRI and to overcome some limitations. A thin, smart, non-linear metamaterial is presented that enhances the imaging performance and increases the signal-to-noise ratio in 3T MRI significantly (up to eightfold), whilst the transmit field is not affected due to self-detuning and, thus, patient safety is also assured. This self-detuning works without introducing any additional overhead related to MRI-compatible electronic control components or active (de-)tuning mechanisms. The design paradigm, simulation results, on-bench characterization, and MRI experiments using homogeneous and structural phantoms are described. The suggested single-layer metasurface paves the way for conformal and patient-specific manufacturing, which was not possible before due to typically bulky and rigid metamaterial structures.

Identifiers

PMID34376748
PMCPMC8355254

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.