Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34376215›Full record

ArticleBMC biology2021

Practical real-time MEG-based neural interfacing with optically pumped magnetometers.

Benjamin Wittevrongel, Niall Holmes, Elena Boto, Ryan Hill, Molly Rea, Arno Libert, Elvira Khachatryan, Marc M Van Hulle, Richard Bowtell, Matthew J Brookes

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  4. Enhanced Neural Decoding With Optically Pumped Magnetometer MEG Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Benjamin WittevrongelLaboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. benjamin.wittevrongel@kuleuven.be.ORCID 0000-0002-4662-5749
Niall HolmesSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Elena BotoSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Ryan HillSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Molly ReaSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Arno LibertLaboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Elvira KhachatryanLaboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Marc M Van Hulle *Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Richard Bowtell *Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Matthew J Brookes *Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
University of Nottingham · GBVIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research · BEAllen Institute for Brain Science · US

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 203257/B/16/ZWellcome Trust 203257/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBrain-computer interfaces decode intentions directly from the human brain with the aim to restore lost functionality, control external devices or augment daily experiences. To combine optimal performance with wide applicability, high-quality brain signals should be captured non-invasively. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a potent candidate but currently requires costly and confining recording hardware. The recently developed optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) promise to overcome this limitation, but are currently untested in the context of neural interfacing.

resultsIn this work, we show that OPM-MEG allows robust single-trial analysis which we exploited in a real-time 'mind-spelling' application yielding an average accuracy of 97.7%.

conclusionsThis shows that OPM-MEG can be used to exploit neuro-magnetic brain responses in a practical and flexible manner, and opens up new avenues for a wide range of new neural interface applications in the future.

Indexed as

BrainMagnetoencephalographyElectroencephalographyHumansBrain-computer interface (BCI)Electroencephalography (EEG)Event-related field (ERF)Event-related potential (ERP)Magnetoencephalography (MEG)Optically pumped magnetometers (OPM)Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)

Identifiers

PMID34376215
PMCPMC8356471
OpenAlexW3189651274

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.