ArticleBMC psychiatry2021
Sex differences between serum total bilirubin levels and cognition in patients with schizophrenia.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors-related antidepressants in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Gender differences in working memory impairment and metabolic characteristics among patients with stable schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prediction of delirium in trauma patients using interpretable machine learning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The predictive potential and relationship of peripheral non-enzymatic antioxidants with clinical symptoms in first-episode male adolescent-onset schizophrenia patients.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- The U-shaped association between serum direct bilirubin and incident mild cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Review
- Association of Serum Bilirubin Levels with Macro- and Microvascular Complications in Chinese People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Insight on Gender Differences.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCognitive deficits are common in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Abnormal serum total bilirubin (TBIL) levels have been involved in cognitive deficits associated with neuropsychiatric diseases such as mild cognitive impairment and subcortical ischemic vascular disease. However, this relationship has not yet been fully investigated in patients with SCZ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the serum TBIL concentration and cognitive deficits in SCZ patients and to determine whether a sex difference exists in the association.
methodsA total of 455 participants were eligible and included in this cross-sectional study. Cognition was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Serum TBIL concentration was measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer according to the routine protocol in the hospital medical laboratory.
resultsSerum TBIL levels were lower in the cognition impairment group than in the cognition normal group in male patients. In contrast, serum TBIL levels tended to be increased in the cognition impairment group in female patients, although the difference was not significant. Further stepwise multiple regression analysis stratified by sex showed that serum TBIL was independently and positively associated with cognitive function in male patients but not in female patients. Moreover, the association between serum TBIL level and cognitive function was also identified by the propensity score matching (PSM) method in male patients, but not in female patients.
conclusionThese findings suggest that lower serum TBIL levels may be associated with cognitive impairment in male SCZ patients.
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