ArticleJournal of occupational health2021
Efficacy of ice slurry and carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions for firefighters.
Article in Journal of occupational health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of cooling strategies for emergency personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of internal cooling on physical performance, physiological and perceptional parameters when exercising in the heat: A systematic review with meta-analyses.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions with and without L-menthol on hydration and performance recovery following simulated firefighting exercise.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Inefficacy of neck cooling in suppressing core body temperature elevation during exercise in a hot environment: a randomized cross-over trial.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Ice slurry ingestion improves physical performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in a hot environment.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Review
- Nutrition for Tactical Athletes: Insights, Applications and Research Gaps.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Exploring Intervention Strategies to Prevent Occupational Heat Stress. A Scoping Review.Safety and health at work · 2025Review
- Hydration Considerations to Improve the Physical Performance and Health of Firefighters.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Review
- Inappropriate timing of salt intake increases the risk of heat-related illness: An observational study.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Pre-cooling with ingesting a high-carbohydrate ice slurry on thermoregulatory responses and subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose during heat exposure.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2022Article
- Article
- Efficacy of ice slurry and carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions for firefighters.Journal of occupational health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine the thermoregulatory and fluid-electrolyte responses of firefighters ingesting ice slurry and carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions before and after firefighting operations.
methodsTwelve volunteer firefighters put on fireproof clothing and ingested 5 g/kg of beverage in an anteroom at 25°C and 50% relative humidity (RH; pre-ingestion), and then performed 30 minutes of exercise on a cycle ergometer (at 125 W for 10 minutes and then 75 W for 20 minutes) in a room at 35℃ and 50% RH. The participants then returned to the anteroom, removed their fireproof clothing, ingested 20 g/kg of beverage (post-ingestion), and rested for 90 minutes. Three combinations of pre-ingestion and post-ingestion beverages were provided: a 25℃ carbohydrate-electrolyte solution for both (CH condition); 25℃ water for both (W condition); and a -1.7℃ ice slurry pre-exercise and 25℃ carbohydrate-electrolyte solution post-exercise (ICE condition).
resultsThe elevation of body temperature during exercise was lower in the ICE condition than in the other conditions. The sweat volume during exercise was lower in the ICE condition than in the other conditions. The serum sodium concentration and serum osmolality were lower in the W condition than in the CH condition.
conclusionsThe ingestion of ice slurry while firefighters were wearing fireproof clothing before exercise suppressed the elevation of body temperature during exercise. Moreover, the ingestion of carbohydrate-electrolyte solution by firefighters after exercise was useful for recovery from dehydration.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.