Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34375388›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021

Temporal changes in soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 associated with metabolic health, body composition, and proteome dynamics during a weight loss diet intervention: a randomized trial with implications for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nicholas Cauwenberghs, Mary Prunicki, František Sabovčik, Dalia Perelman, Kévin Contrepois, Xiao Li, Michael P Snyder, Kari C Nadeau, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Francois Haddad and 1 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01826591 (Do Insulin Secretion or Genotype Pattern Predict Low Fat vs Low Carb Weight Loss Success?), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01826591 nacompletednot on this map

Do Insulin Secretion or Genotype Pattern Predict Low Fat vs Low Carb Weight Loss Success?

TypeinterventionalSponsorStanford UniversityRan2013 to 2016Enrolled609ConditionsObesity, Insulin ResistanceArmsLow-Carbohydrate Diet, Low-Fat Diet, Mobile App
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Observational
  4. Obesity and COVID-19: What are the Consequences?Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme · 2022
    Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Nicholas CauwenberghsStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8059-7692
Mary PrunickiSean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5511-8896
František SabovčikResearch Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-8275-6431
Dalia PerelmanDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3335-1950
Kévin ContrepoisStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Xiao LiDepartment of Biochemistry, The Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Michael P SnyderStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0784-7987
Kari C NadeauSean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2146-2955
Tatiana KuznetsovaResearch Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Francois HaddadStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9648-7671
Christopher D GardnerStanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7596-1530
Cardiovascular Institute of the South · USStanford University · USKU Leuven · BECase Western Reserve University · US

Funding

A Stanford - SJSU Postdoctoral Training Program to Enhance URM TeachingK12GM088033 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BOOTHROYD, JOHN C · 2010 to 2016
$4.1M
Do Genotype Patterns Predict Weight Loss Success for Low Carb vs. Low Fat Diets?R01DK091831 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GARDNER, CHRISTOPHER D · 2012 to 2016
$3.1M
Interaction between genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors determining circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein expression: implications for the severity of COVID-19 infectionR21ES033049 · NIEHS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI NADEAU, KARI C. · 2021 to 2022
$405k
NIDDK NIH HHS NIH 1R01DK091831NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK091831NIEHS NIH HHS 1 R21 ES033049-01NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES033049NIGMS NIH HHS K12 GM088033NIH HHS 1 K12 GM088033
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves protective functions in metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary diseases and is linked to COVID-19 pathology. The correlates of temporal changes in soluble ACE2 (sACE2) remain understudied.

objectivesWe explored the associations of sACE2 with metabolic health and proteome dynamics during a weight loss diet intervention.

methodsWe analyzed 457 healthy individuals (mean ± SD age: 39.8 ± 6.6 y) with BMI 28-40 kg/m2 in the DIETFITS (Diet Intervention Examining the Factors Interacting with Treatment Success) study. Biochemical markers of metabolic health and 236 proteins were measured by Olink CVDII, CVDIII, and Inflammation I arrays at baseline and at 6 mo during the dietary intervention. We determined clinical and routine biochemical correlates of the diet-induced change in sACE2 (ΔsACE2) using stepwise linear regression. We combined feature selection models and multivariable-adjusted linear regression to identify protein dynamics associated with ΔsACE2.

resultssACE2 decreased on average at 6 mo during the diet intervention. Stronger decline in sACE2 during the diet intervention was independently associated with female sex, lower HOMA-IR and LDL cholesterol at baseline, and a stronger decline in HOMA-IR, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and fat mass. Participants with decreasing HOMA-IR (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.03) and triglycerides (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.72, 4.26) had significantly higher odds for a decrease in sACE2 during the diet intervention than those without (P ≤ 0.0073). Feature selection models linked ΔsACE2 to changes in α-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor, E-selectin, hydroxyacid oxidase 1, kidney injury molecule 1, tyrosine-protein kinase Mer, placental growth factor, thrombomodulin, and TNF receptor superfamily member 10B. ΔsACE2 remained associated with these protein changes in multivariable-adjusted linear regression.

conclusionsDecrease in sACE2 during a weight loss diet intervention was associated with improvements in metabolic health, fat mass, and markers of angiotensin peptide metabolism, hepatic and vascular injury, renal function, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Our findings may improve the risk stratification, prevention, and management of cardiometabolic complications.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01826591.

Indexed as

Body CompositionDiet, ReducingAdipose TissueAdultAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2BiomarkersBody Mass IndexCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLCOVID-19FemaleHumansInflammationInsulin ResistanceMaleMiddle AgedAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2BiomarkersCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLProteomeTriglyceridesangiotensin-converting enzyme 2body compositionmetabolic healthproteomicsweight loss diet intervention

Identifiers

PMID34375388
PMCPMC8574695
OpenAlexW3191521115

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.