ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
Network analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- A network model of depressive and anxiety symptoms: a statistical evaluation.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Psychological distress, decision-making, and health behaviors among prostate cancer survivors with urinary incontinence: A scale- and symptom-level network analysis.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Anxiety and depression subtypes and their psychotherapy response: A network analysis of 33,675 patients.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Relationships among nomophobia behaviours, fear of missing out, and work immersion among Chinese nurses: a network analysis.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7) in Ukrainian sample during wartime.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Symptom-specific intervention targets for depression and anxiety among older adults by physical multimorbidity patterns: a simulation-based network analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Network analysis of depression, anxiety, and NSSI symptoms in adolescents: a clinical sample study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Identifying symptom communities and core symptoms in the anxiety-depression network among computer science students.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The association between social support and depressive symptoms in rural older adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a network analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Depression, anxiety, and sleep problems among Chinese university students enrolled in basketball elective courses: a network psychometric analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Disentangling Heterogeneity in the Co-Developmental of Anxiety and Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Cross-Lagged Panel Network.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Identifying core symptoms of anxiety and depression in colorectal cancer patients: network analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Longitudinal relationship between anxiety symptoms and occupational burnout dimensions among newly hired nurses: a cross-lagged network analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Network analysis of anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep disturbances in healthcare workers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Network analysis of burnout, depression, and anxiety with occupational and personal outcomes among clinical nurses in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Network analysis of sleep disorders, depression and anxiety symptoms among community older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Anxiety and Depression Among College Students Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown Lift: A Network Analysis Study Focus on the Transition Period.PsyCh journal · 2025Article
- Network analysis of comorbid depression and anxiety and their associations with academic engagement among medical students in the Post-Peak COVID-19 period in China.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Perceived stress shapes symptom and social network dynamics: a network analysis of depression, anxiety, and relationship-specific support and strain.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
20 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the mental health and well-being of medical personnel, including nursing students. Network analysis provides a deeper characterization of symptom-symptom interactions in mental disorders. The aim of this study was to elucidate characteristics of anxiety and depressive symptom networks of Chinese nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodA total of 932 nursing students were included. Anxiety and depressive symptom were measured using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified via centrality indices and bridge centrality indices, respectively. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure.
resultsIrritability, Uncontrollable worry, Trouble relaxing, and Depressed mood had the highest centrality values. Three bridge symptoms (Depressed mood, Nervousness, and Anhedonia) were also identified. Neither gender nor region of residence was associated with network global strength, distribution of edge weights or individual edge weights. LIMITATIONS: Data were collected in a cross-sectional study design, therefore, causal relations and dynamic changes between anxiety and depressive symptoms over time could not be inferred. Generalizability of findings may be limited to Chinese nursing students during a particular phase of the current pandemic.
conclusionsIrritability, Uncontrollable worry, Trouble relaxing, and Depressed mood constituted central symptoms maintaining the anxiety-depression network structure of Chinese nursing students during the pandemic. Timely, systemic multi-level interventions targeting central symptoms and bridge symptoms may be effective in alleviating co-occurring experiences of anxiety and depression in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.