ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2021
A cross-species comparison of antiretroviral penetration into lymph nodes using novel physiologically based pharmacokinetic models.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Impact of Intestinal Bile Salts on Drug Absorption Using PBPK Modeling: Case Studies With Efavirenz, Cinnarizine, and Posaconazole.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in the Research of Anti-HIV Drugs.Current drug metabolism · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInvestigating antiretroviral (ARV) penetration and pharmacology in lymph nodes is crucial to understanding mechanisms of HIV persistence in tissue, but sampling these tissues in humans is invasive and costly. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is a non-invasive solution for understanding lymph node penetration of ARVs across multiple species.
objectivesTo develop customized PBPK models with a novel lymph node compartment, and use these models to describe the distribution of three ARVs-tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz-into the plasma and lymph nodes of non-human primates (NHPs) and humans. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this analysis, we utilized standard monkey and human PBPK models in PK-Sim, and added a novel lymph node compartment using MoBi. We used these models to describe the distribution of tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz into NHP and human plasma and lymph nodes, and compared model-predicted versus observed AUC and Cmax.
resultsFor all three ARVs, population simulations using the base and final models reasonably characterized observed plasma and tissue data in NHPs and humans, with predicted/observed AUC and Cmax ratios within 0.7-2.0.
conclusionsOverall, our novel PBPK model provides a framework for understanding lymph node penetration of ARVs or future HIV cure therapies.
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Registered trials
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