SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2021
Examining Side Effect Variability of Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-analysis of Variance.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Estimating Multimodal Structural Brain Variability in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Worldwide ENIGMA Study.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Variability of glucose, insulin, and lipid disturbances in first-episode psychosis: a meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- The Role of the Ketogenic Diet in Modulating Biochemical Pathophysiology in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dissociation between the dynamics of symptom scores and network metrics in psychosis treatment: a proof-of-concept study using network intervention analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Beyond antipsychotic efficacy and toward an individualized therapeutic strategy: analysis of the systemic, metabolic, and inflammatory effects of olanzapine, haloperidol, and their combination in schizophrenic patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Active Ingredients and Mechanisms of Xuefuzhuyu Pills in Treating Hyperprolactinemia Caused by Antipsychotics based on UHPLCQ-TOF-MS/MS, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking Validation.Current computer-aided drug design · 2026Article
- Patient Life Engagement and Metabolic Profile Improve After Switching from First-/Second-Generation Antipsychotics to Brexpiprazole: A Real-World Study in Patients with Schizophrenia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Comparing the Metabolic, Systemic, and Neuropsychiatric Impacts of Olanzapine and Clozapine in Patients with Schizophrenia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Varying Effects of Antipsychotics and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medications on Body Mass Index among a Cohort of Autistic Youth.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- NEP1-40 Regulates the Development of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells in Schizophrenic Mice.Current medical science · 2025Article
- Antipsychotics and Change of Weight, Menstrual Cycle, and Metabolic Syndrome Components Among Schizophrenic Women: A 12-Week Longitudinal Prospective Study in Tien Giang, Vietnam.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations between antipsychotics and the risk of incident cardiovascular diseases in individuals with schizophrenia: a nested case-control study.BMJ mental health · 2023Article
- Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Side effects of antipsychotic drugs play a key role in nonadherence of treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). While clinical observations suggest that side effect variability between patients may be considerable, statistical evidence is required to confirm this. Here, we hypothesized to find larger side effect variability under treatment compared with control. We included double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with a diagnosis of SSD treated with 1 out of 14 antipsychotics. Standard deviations of the pre-post treatment differences of weight gain, prolactin levels, and corrected QT (QTc) times were extracted. The outcome measure was the variability ratio of treatment to control for individual antipsychotic drugs and the overall variability ratio of treatment to control across RCTs. Individual variability ratios were weighted by the inverse-variance method and entered into a random-effects model. We included N = 16 578 patients for weight gain, N = 16 633 patients for prolactin levels, and N = 10 384 patients for QTc time. Variability ratios (VR) were significantly increased for weight gain (VR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.14; P = .004) and prolactin levels (VR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.17-1.62; P < .001) but did not reach significance for QTc time (VR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.98-1.12; P = 0.135). We found marked differences between individual antipsychotics and increased variability in side effects in patients under treatment with antipsychotics suggesting that subgroups of patients or individual patients may benefit from treatment allocation through stratified or personalized medicine.
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