ReviewNeuropsychology review2022
How to do Better N400 Studies: Reproducibility, Consistency and Adherence to Research Standards in the Existing Literature.
Review in Neuropsychology review, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Variability in Preprocessing and Analysis of the Error-Related Negativity in Adult Response-Conflict Studies: A Systematic Review.Psychophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Preprocessing choices for P3 analyses with mobile EEG: A systematic literature review and interactive exploration.Psychophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Development of the N400 for Word Learning in the First 2 Years of Life: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Using N400 Event-Related Potential to Detect Differences in Design-Mode and Belief-Mode Scaffold Use.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- The neural dynamics of political socio-pragmatic violations: an ERP study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Accented speech modulates multiple event-related potential components across multiple levels of language processing.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Attentional Engagement with Target and Distractor Streams Predicts Speech Comprehension in Multitalker Environments.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Size Sound Symbolism Modulates Linguistic Processing: An ERP Study.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- In the Words of Others: ERP Evidence of Speaker-Specific Phonological Prediction.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- Discourse Focus and Memory Encoding: The Role of Trial-Level Alpha Power.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The N400 component reflecting semantic and repetition priming of visual scenes is suppressed during the attentional blink.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025Article
- Dataset of 37-subject EEG recordings using a low-cost mobile EEG headset during a semantic relatedness judgment task.Data in brief · 2025Article
- Event-related potentials and behavioral correlates of emotional recognition memory in late pregnancy.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Article
- The Practical Implications of Re-Referencing in ERP Studies: The Case of N400 in the Picture-Word Verification Task.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Similarities in semantic processing across verbal and pictorial domains in school children with developmental language disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Challenging the status quo: A guide to open and reproducible neuroimaging for early career researchers.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Exploring the Utility of the Muse Headset for Capturing the N400: Dependability and Single-Trial Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mnemonic vs. Executive Contributions to the N400: A Connectionist Approach to False Memories.Computational brain & behavior · 2024Article
- Using Event-Related Potentials to Evidence the Visual and Semantic Impact: A Pilot Study with N400 Effect and Food Packaging.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Middle-schoolers' reading and lexical-semantic processing depth in response to digital and print media: An N400 study.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Given the complexity of ERP recording and processing pipeline, the resulting variability of methodological options, and the potential for these decisions to influence study outcomes, it is important to understand how ERP studies are conducted in practice and to what extent researchers are transparent about their data collection and analysis procedures. The review gives an overview of methodology reporting in a sample of 132 ERP papers, published between January 1980 - June 2018 in journals included in two large databases: Web of Science and PubMed. Because ERP methodology partly depends on the study design, we focused on a well-established component (the N400) in the most commonly assessed population (healthy neurotypical adults), in one of its most common modalities (visual images). The review provides insights into 73 properties of study design, data pre-processing, measurement, statistics, visualization of results, and references to supplemental information across studies within the same subfield. For each of the examined methodological decisions, the degree of consistency, clarity of reporting and deviations from the guidelines for best practice were examined. Overall, the results show that each study had a unique approach to ERP data recording, processing and analysis, and that at least some details were missing from all papers. In the review, we highlight the most common reporting omissions and deviations from established recommendations, as well as areas in which there was the least consistency. Additionally, we provide guidance for a priori selection of the N400 measurement window and electrode locations based on the results of previous studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.