ArticleWater research X2021
Tools for interpretation of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 temporal and spatial trends demonstrated with data collected in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Article in Water research X, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accounting for methodological variabilities in disease outbreak surveillance using wastewater-based epidemiology: a case study with SARS-CoV-2.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Real-time estimation of pathogen transmission dynamics from wastewater.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Improving Inference from Reported Concentrations in Environmental Surveillance by Modeling the Statistical Features of Digital PCR.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparative Evaluation of DNA Extraction Workflows for Efficient Recovery of pBI143 from Wastewater.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Near-Source Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus With Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus as a Fecal Indicator.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiology of influenza A virus in Shenzhen: baseline values and implications for multi-pathogen surveillance.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Utilities of PMMoV as an internal control for the building-level wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Benchmarking Concentration and Extraction Methods for Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Eight Human Respiratory Viruses: Implications for Rapid Application to Novel Pathogens.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Long term assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the transition to evaluate additional viral targets.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Comparative Assessment of Wastewater-Based Surveillance Normalization Methods to Improve Pathogen Monitoring in Rural Sewersheds.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Application of joinpoint regression to SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in southwest Ohio municipal wastewater.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2025Article
- Wastewater Speaks: Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance, Sampling Methods, and Seasonal Infection Trends on a University Campus.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Hydrological and physicochemical parameters associated with SARS-CoV-2 and pepper mild mottle virus wastewater concentrations for a large-combined sewer system.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal Variability of the Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Biomarker in Wastewater.ACS ES&T water · 2025Article
- The impact of signal variability on COVID-19 epidemic growth rate estimation from wastewater surveillance data.PloS one · 2025Article
- Consistent trends from different methods for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in urban wastewater during a 29-month longitudinal study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Wastewater threshold as an indicator of COVID-19 cases in correctional facilities for public health response: A modeling study.Water research · 2024Article
- Advancing Public Health Surveillance: Integrating Modeling and GIS in the Wastewater-Based Epidemiology of Viruses, a Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA can be integrated with COVID-19 case data to inform timely pandemic response. However, more research is needed to apply and develop systematic methods to interpret the true SARS-CoV-2 signal from noise introduced in wastewater samples (e.g., from sewer conditions, sampling and extraction methods, etc.). In this study, raw wastewater was collected weekly from five sewersheds and one residential facility. The concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples were compared to geocoded COVID-19 clinical testing data. SARS-CoV-2 was reliably detected (95% positivity) in frozen wastewater samples when reported daily new COVID-19 cases were 2.4 or more per 100,000 people. To adjust for variation in sample fecal content, four normalization biomarkers were evaluated: crAssphage, pepper mild mottle virus,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.