ReviewOxidative medicine and cellular longevity2021
Procaine-The Controversial Geroprotector Candidate: New Insights Regarding Its Molecular and Cellular Effects.
Review in Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Procaine hydrochloride improves DSS-induced colitis via inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 and FOXP3 methylation.European cytokine network · 2026Article
- Surgical excision of an infraorbital nerve schwannoma via a transconjunctival approach with lateral canthotomy: a case report.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- The Procaine-Based ProcClusterInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Control of type 2 diabetes in patients with cancer and chronic pro-inflammatory cytokines during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Supplementary Treatment for Alleviating Pain and Enhancing Functional Ability in Geriatric Patients with Osteoarthritis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Local anaesthetics and chemotherapeutic agents: a systematic review of preclinical evidence of interactions and cancer biology.BJA open · 2024Review
- ProcClusterFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The Influence of the Nature of the Polymer Incorporating the Same AInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Use of Low-Dose Local Anesthetics in Pain, Inflammation, and Other Clinical Conditions: A Systematic Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Ozone and procaine increase secretion of platelet-derived factors in platelet-rich plasma.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2023Article
- An Approach to Acute SARS-CoV-2 Management with Complementary Neuraltherapeutic Medicine: A Case Report.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Post-operative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and outcome after thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1905 and its employment in everyday medical practice as a local anesthetic, to its highly controversial endorsement as an "anti-aging" molecule in the sixties and seventies, procaine is part of the history of medicine and gerontoprophylaxis. Procaine can be considered a "veteran" drug due to its long-time use in clinical practice, but is also a molecule which continues to incite interest, revealing new biological and pharmacological effects within novel experimental approaches. Therefore, this review is aimed at exploring and systematizing recent data on the biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms involved in the antioxidant and potential geroprotective effects of procaine, focusing on the following aspects: (1) the research state-of-the-art, through an objective examination of scientific literature within the last 30 years, describing the positive, as well as the negative reports; (2) the experimental data supporting the beneficial effects of procaine in preventing or alleviating age-related pathology; and (3) the multifactorial pathways procaine impacts oxidative stress, inflammation, atherogenesis, cerebral age-related pathology, DNA damage, and methylation. According to reviewed data, procaine displayed antioxidant and cytoprotective actions in experimental models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, lipoprotein oxidation, endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, inflammation, sepsis, intoxication, ionizing irradiation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. This analysis painted a complex pharmacological profile of procaine: a molecule that has not yet fully expressed its therapeutic potential in the treatment and prevention of aging-associated diseases. The numerous recent reports found demonstrate the rising interest in researching the multiple actions of procaine regulating key processes involved in cellular senescence. Its beneficial effects on cell/tissue functions and metabolism could designate procaine as a valuable candidate for the well-established Geroprotectors database.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.