Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34373673›Full record

ReviewMissouri medicine

Plastic Bronchitis in Adult and Pediatric Patients: A Review of its Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Niel Patel, Mayur Patel, Ravali Inja, Armin Krvavac, Andrew J Lechner

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Missouri medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
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  8. Article
  9. Eosinophilic plastic bronchitis - A case report.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2026
    Article
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  16. [Predictive factors and nomogram model construction for plastic bronchitis in children withZhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Niel PatelSaint Louis University School of Medicine (SLU SOM).
Mayur PatelSaint Louis University School of Medicine (SLU SOM).
Ravali InjaSaint Louis University School of Medicine (SLU SOM).
Armin KrvavacDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, SLU SOM.
Andrew J LechnerDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, SLU SOM, St. Louis, Missouri.
Saint Louis University · ESSleep Management Institute · USSt. Louis University High School · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of studyPlastic Bronchitis (PB) is a rare pulmonary condition characterized by the presence of casts in the trachea or bronchial tree. While there are many individual cases reported in pediatric and adult populations, no thorough reviews of pediatric and adult cases of PB exist in the literature. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comprehensive review of PB regarding presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatments. ETIOLOGY: In the pediatric population, PB can be attributed to pediatric cardiothoracic surgeries such as Fontan procedures, infections, inflammatory processes, acute chest syndrome, or iatrogenic processes. In the adult population, PB can be idiopathic or due to infections, anatomic variations in lymphatic vessels, surgeries, medications, or other comorbidities. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The pathophysiology of PB is still widely unknown; however, associations with inflammatory diseases and cardiac surgery have been proposed. There are two types of cast formations found in plastic bronchitis: Type I casts are associated with inflammatory diseases and Type II casts are associated with surgical procedures. TREATMENT: Historically, PB has been treated by a variety of pharmacological methods including the use of corticosteroids and mucolytics. Recently, the treatment paradigm has shifted towards procedures such as lymphatic embolization, duct ligation, and stent grafting.

conclusionsThe information available regarding PB is still sparse, hence future research is necessary for further understanding of the disease. Due to its numerous presentations and disease associations, awareness of plastic bronchitis, and its treatment options is essential for primary care providers and respiratory specialists.

Indexed as

BronchitisFontan ProcedureLymphatic VesselsAdrenal Cortex HormonesAdultChildHumansPlasticsAdrenal Cortex HormonesPlastics

Identifiers

PMID34373673
PMCPMC8343636
OpenAlexW3187981389

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.