ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2021
Inflammasome activation at the crux of severe COVID-19.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05226754 (Study Design of the Diacerein Effect on Inflammatory Response in Patients With Covid-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 211 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study Design of the Diacerein Effect on Inflammatory Response in Patients With Covid-19: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial.
Who cites it
211 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Oral Janus kinase inhibitors for treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2022Pooled it
- The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and critical COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and safety of MAS825 (anti-IL-1β/IL-18) in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and impaired respiratory function.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Tranilast as an Adjunctive Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID- 19: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Archives of medical research · 2022Trial
- Caspase-11-mediated hyperinflammation impairs CD8+ T cell immunity and viral clearance in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The NLRP3 inflammasome in physiological and dysfunctional host response in human sepsis and critical illness: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Porcine coronavirus promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation during virus-induced neuroinflammation.mBio · 2026Article
- Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome with Colchicine in COVID-19: Therapeutic Evidence and Future Implications for Influenza.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Cytopathogenic BVDV Core Protein Binds with ASC-Enhance the Assembly of Inflammasome Complex and GSDMD-Mediated Pyroptosis.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- PANoptosis as a Therapeutic Target for COVID-19.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Infectious bronchitis virus accessory protein 3a induces renal inflammatory injury by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome via ER calcium mobilization and mitochondrial ROS production.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Effects on Respiratory and Neurological Systems: Morphological Findings and Gene Expression in K18-hACE2 Mice Model.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Computational proteomics to enhance personalized treatment of COVID-19 and Long COVID.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- Metabolic dysregulation reshapes the immune landscape: The gut microbiota-mTOR axis in respiratory viral infection immunity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Review
- Pan-membrane pyroptosis of liver induced by gasdermin-encoding mRNAs.National science review · 2026Article
- Host Responses to SARS-CoV-2 with an Emphasis on Cytokines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- NLRP3 inflammasomes at the ARDS-cancer interface: mechanisms and translational hypotheses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cytokine profiles, genetic polymorphisms, and systemic inflammatory markers in type 1 diabetes patients with COVID-19: IL-18 a predictor of disease severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), results in life-threatening disease in a minority of patients, especially elderly people and those with co-morbidities such as obesity and diabetes. Severe disease is characterized by dysregulated cytokine release, pneumonia and acute lung injury, which can rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multisystem failure and death. However, a mechanistic understanding of COVID-19 progression remains unclear. Here we review evidence that SARS-CoV-2 directly or indirectly activates inflammasomes, which are large multiprotein assemblies that are broadly responsive to pathogen-associated and stress-associated cellular insults, leading to secretion of the pleiotropic IL-1 family cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18), and pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. We further discuss potential mechanisms of inflammasome activation and clinical efforts currently under way to suppress inflammation to prevent or ameliorate severe COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.