SynthesisTobacco control2023
Tobacco industry pricing strategies in response to excise tax policies: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Tobacco control, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tobacco Couponing: A Systematic Review of Exposures and Effects on Tobacco Initiation and Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Removing Price Discounts From the Tobacco Retail Environment: Effects on College Students' Risk of Using Smokeless Tobacco, Little Cigars, and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Trial
- Reducing tobacco supplier profits and pricing power: Modelling the impact of a tobacco price cap and tax increase on socioeconomic inequalities in England.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- The policy implementation playbook: a cross-policy taxonomy of post-adoption tobacco industry tactics.Globalization and health · 2026Review
- Article
- Tobacco taxation policy in India: public health considerations.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Evaluating the financial case for investing in, or divesting from, tobacco investments.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Making cigarette taxes more effective in Mozambique: A simulation analysis using the Tobacco Excise Tax Simulation Model (TETSiM).PloS one · 2026Article
- Heated tobacco products in Serbia: Tax differentials, relative prices, and excise tax pass-through.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Pricing strategies of the tobacco companies in response to cigarette excise tax increases in Montenegro.PloS one · 2026Article
- Tobacco industry pricing strategies during recent tax adjustments in Mexico: evidence from sales data.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Youth and young adult flavour expectancies for new 'non-menthol' cigarettes introduced following California's ban on flavoured tobacco products.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Cigarette and cigarillo ads promote 'flavour' in a US state that prohibits flavoured tobacco sales.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Geographical differences in the financial impacts of different forms of tobacco licence fees on small retailers in Scotland.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Marlboro Man goes artisanal?Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Tobacco purchasing in Australia during regular tax increases: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Widening the Price Gap: The Effect of The Netherlands' 2020 Tax Increase on Tobacco Prices.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Multilevel determinants of cannabis prices in legal markets: Evidence from products sold in nearly 4000 cannabis dispensaries in the United States.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- How has the tobacco industry passed tax changes through to consumers in 12 sub-Saharan African countries?Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Changes in sugar-sweetened beverages and non-essential energy-dense food purchases overall and by type before and after the implementation of taxes in Mexico: repeated cross-sectional national surveys (2008-2018).BMJ public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo explore what is known about the tobacco industry's (TI) price-based responses to tobacco excise tax policies and whether these vary by country income group using a systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Studies assessing TI pricing tactics were identified via searches of five online databases using a combination of search keywords. STUDY SELECTION: Inclusion criteria were applied by two reviewers independently who screened all search results (titles and abstracts) for possible inclusion. They identified 37 publications that reported TI pricing tactics. DATA EXTRACTION: Study details were tabulated, and information was extracted on the country income group, population characteristics, excise tax structure, and pricing strategies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of the 37 publications identified, 22 were conducted in high-income countries, while 15 covered low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Major pricing strategies employed were: differentially shifting taxes between products (35 studies); launching new brands/products as pathways for downtrading (six studies), product promotions and different prices for the same products for different customers (six studies); price smoothing (two studies); and changing product attributes such as length/size of cigarettes or production processes (three studies).
conclusionsWhile there is limited evidence to fully ascertain industry responses to tax increases, this review suggests that the TI widely uses a multitude of sophisticated pricing strategies across different settings around the world with the intention of undermining tax policies, thereby increasing tobacco consumption and maximising their profits. There is a need for further research in this area especially in LMICs so that effective policy responses can be developed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.