ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Increasing toll-like receptor 2 on astrocytes induced by Schwann cell-derived exosomes promotes recovery by inhibiting CSPGs deposition after spinal cord injury.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends and hotspots of exosome-mediated drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier: a bibliometric study from 2015 to 2025.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of miRNA-modified mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in spinal cord injury: A systematic review of the literature and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal disarray of inflammatory microenvironment following spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): A Comprehensive Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles: A new therapeutic drug for nerve injury repair.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Glia cell-derived extracellular vesicles as modulators in spinal cord injury repair.Spinal cord · 2026Review
- The SHEDs-derived apoptotic bodies for inflammatory regulation in spinal cord repair.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- OSBPL10 alleviates neuronal ferroptosis via lysosomal membrane repair in a PS-dependent manner after spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Effects of Electroacupuncture Stimulation on Motor Function Recovery in Mice After Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating Astrocyte Activation.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Mechanical Remodeling and Mechanosensing after Spinal Cord Injury: From Molecular to Translational Approaches.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Roles for Exosomes from Various Cellular Sources in Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Pathologic and Therapeutic Schwann Cells.Cells · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration: a literature review.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury: Ready to Go.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Therapeutic Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Schwann Cells and Their Exosomes: Research Progress and Prospect in Spinal Cord Injury.Neural plasticity · 2025Review
- Exosomes: a promising microenvironment modulator for spinal cord injury treatment.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Advanced Therapeutic Approaches Based on Small Extracellular Vehicles (sEVs) For the Regeneration of Spinal Cord Injuries.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Schwann cells in regeneration and cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severely disabling disease that leads to loss of sensation, motor, and autonomic function. As exosomes have great potential in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of SCI because of their ability to easily cross the blood-brain barrier, the function of Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SCDEs) is still largely unknown.
methodsA T10 spinal cord contusion was established in adult female mice. SCDEs were injected into the tail veins of mice three times a week for 4 weeks after the induction of SCI, and the control group was injected with PBS. High-resolution transmission electron microscope and western blot were used to characterize the SCDEs. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression on astrocytes, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) deposition and neurological function recovery were measured in the spinal cord tissues of each group by immunofluorescence staining of TLR2, GFAP, CS56, 5-HT, and β-III-tublin, respectively. TLR2
resultsHere, we found that TLR2 increased significantly on astrocytes post-SCI. SCDEs treatment can promote functional recovery and induce the expression of TLR2 on astrocytes accompanied with decreased CSPGs deposition. The specific knockout of TLR2 on astrocytes abolished the decreasing CSPGs deposition and neurological functional recovery post-SCI. In addition, the signaling pathway of NF-κB/PI3K involved in the TLR2 activation was validated by western blot. Furthermore, IKKβ inhibitor SC-514 was also used to validate this signaling pathway.
conclusionThus, our results uncovered that SCDEs can promote functional recovery of mice post-SCI by decreasing the CSPGs deposition via increasing the TLR2 expression on astrocytes through NF-κB/PI3K signaling pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.