Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34372875›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021

Ginsenoside Rb1 induces a pro-neurogenic microglial phenotype via PPARγ activation in male mice exposed to chronic mild stress.

Lijuan Zhang, Minmin Tang, Xiaofang Xie, Qiuying Zhao, Nan Hu, Hui He, Gangcai Liu, Shiqi Huang, Cheng Peng, Ying Xiao and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Lijuan ZhangSchool of Life Science and Technology, Mental Health Center of Chengdu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Minmin TangSchool of Life Science and Technology, Mental Health Center of Chengdu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Xiaofang XieState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
Qiuying ZhaoSchool of Life Science and Technology, Mental Health Center of Chengdu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Nan HuSchool of Life Science and Technology, Mental Health Center of Chengdu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Hui HeSchool of Life Science and Technology, Mental Health Center of Chengdu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Gangcai LiuSchool of Life Science and Technology, Mental Health Center of Chengdu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Shiqi HuangSchool of Life Science and Technology, Mental Health Center of Chengdu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Cheng PengState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
Ying XiaoSchool of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China. yingxiao@uestc.edu.cn.
Zili YouSchool of Life Science and Technology, Mental Health Center of Chengdu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China. youzili@uestc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-6229
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · CNChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine · CN

Funding

Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province 2019JDPT0010Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province 2020YJ0225Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81701308
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnti-inflammatory approaches are emerging as a new strategy for the treatment of depressive disorders. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), a major component of Panax ginseng, can inhibit inflammatory cascade and alleviate depressive-like behaviors. Microglia can promote or inhibit adult hippocampal neurogenesis according to their functional phenotypes. Here, we examine whether GRb1 may exert antidepressant effects by promoting a pro-neurogenic phenotype of microglia and thereby increasing neurogenesis.

methodsThe antidepressant effects of GRb1 or the licensed antidepressant imipramine (IMI) were assessed in chronic mild stress (CMS)-exposed male mice. The depressive-like behaviors of mice were evaluated by sucrose preference test, forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST). The microglial phenotypes were identified by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and morphological properties, analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of GRb1-treated microglia on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro was detected using immunofluorescence staining.

resultsBehavioral assessment indicated that GRb1 or IMI treatment alleviated depressive-like behaviors in CMS-exposed mice. Immunofluorescence examination demonstrated that GRb1 induced a pro-neurogenic phenotype of microglia via activating PPARγ in vivo and in vitro, which were effectively reversed by the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. In addition, GRb1-treated microglia increased the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells.

conclusionsThese findings demonstrated that GRb1 alleviated depressive-like behaviors of CMS-exposed male mice mainly through PPARγ-mediated microglial activation and improvement of adult hippocampus neurogenesis.

Indexed as

AnimalsBehavior, AnimalCytokinesDepressionGinsenosidesHippocampusImipramineMaleMiceMicrogliaNeurogenesisPPAR gammaStress, PsychologicalCytokinesginsenoside Rb1GinsenosidesImipraminePPAR gammaAntidepressantGinsenoside Rb1Major depressive disorderMicrogliaNeurogenesisPro-neurogenic phenotype

Identifiers

PMID34372875
PMCPMC8353817
OpenAlexW3134742744

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.