SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2021
The microbiology of diabetic foot infections: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 119 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Novel Method for the Examination of Infected Wound Specimens: Percutaneous Wound Sampling With Analysis in Blood Culture (PERKA-B) Method
Evaluation of a New Diagnostic Tool (MinION) for Identifying Microorganisms in the Foot Wounds of Patients Living With Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis (DFOM)
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fungal detection, diagnostic approaches, and antifungal susceptibility in diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review of recent evidence.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2026Pooled it
- [Practical guideline on the prevention and management of diabetic foot in China (Ⅰ)].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in diabetic foot ulcers: A meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2024Pooled it
- Microbiological profile of diabetic foot infections in China and worldwide: a 20-year systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of infected diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical Experience with Omadacycline for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections and Acute Osteomyelitis.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Clinical, etiological, and microbiological differences between foot and non-foot osteomyelitis.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- Causes of Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Patients with Chronic Wounds.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage therapy for antimicrobial-resistant, biofilm‑associated diabetic foot infection: delivery routes, phage antibiotic synergy, and practical wound‑care integration.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Indolicidin-Decorated Photosensitizer for Enhanced Antibacterials and Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- The global epidemiology of MRSA.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Five-Year Evolution of the Microbiological Landscape of Diabetic Foot Infections (2021-2025): Rising Polymicrobial Gram-Negative Predominance and Emergence of Resistant Enterobacterales at a Single Large-Volume Outpatient Centre.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Diabetic Foot Infections Requiring Toe Amputation: A Long-Term Single-Center Retrospective Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Biosynthesis of ecofriendly antibacterial nanoparticles with healing effects in a murine diabetic skin infection model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Potential of phage therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot infections.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- A Survey of the Microbiome, Culturome and ARG Profile of a Cohort of Chronic Diabetic Foot Lesions.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Predominance of multidrug-resistant bacteria with high resistance to empiric antibiotics in diabetic foot ulcers: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Parenteral Vancomycin in the Treatment of MRSA-Associated Diabetic Foot Infections: An Unnecessary Risk.The international journal of lower extremity wounds · 2026Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of poorly controlled diabetes and often become infected, termed diabetic foot infection. There have been numerous studies of the microbiology of diabetic foot infection but no meta-analysis has provided a global overview of these data. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot infections using studies of any design which reported diabetic foot infection culture results.
methodsThe Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and BIOSIS electronic databases were searched for studies published up to 2019 which contained microbiological culture results from at least 10 diabetic foot infection patients. Two authors independently assessed study eligibility and extracted the data. The main outcome was the prevalence of each bacterial genera or species.
resultsA total of 112 studies were included, representing 16,159 patients from which 22,198 microbial isolates were obtained. The organism most commonly identified was Staphylococcus aureus, of which 18.0% (95% CI 13.8-22.6%; I
conclusionThe microbiology of diabetic foot infections is diverse, but S. aureus predominates. The correlation between the prevalence of Gram positive and negative organisms and Gross National Income could reflect differences in healthcare provision and sanitation. This meta-analysis has synthesised multiple datasets to provide a global overview of the microbiology of diabetic foot infections that will help direct the development of novel therapeutics.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.