ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Time Evolution of the Skin-Electrode Interface Impedance under Different Skin Treatments.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Surface Electrical Impedance Myography in Assessment of Morphofunctional Changes in Biological Tissues and Biofeedback Interfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hydration-stable PVA-based skin phantom for wearable biopotential sensor evaluation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advancing Dry Electroencephalography With Scalable, Soft, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Compatible TiAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Comfortable Flower Electrodes for Dry EEG in Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology Diagnostics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Profiled Wet Spinning of Polyurethane Composites for Soft Dry Electrodes in Transcutaneous Stimulation Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Interventions to mitigate pain and reduce skin impedance during neuromuscular electrical stimulation.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Segmental body BIA device development for fracture detection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ultrathin Soft Wearable Sensor Materials and Structures: A Review of Current Trends and Prospectives.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Review
- Dry-printed electrodes for transcutaneous electrical stimulation of innervated muscles: Towards wearable and closed-loop stimulation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Confounding Factors and Their Mitigation in Measurements of Bioelectrical Impedance at the Skin Interface.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impedance Characterization and Modeling of Gold, Silver, and PEDOT:PSS Ultra-Thin Tattoo Electrodes for Wearable Bioelectronics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Design and Validation of Low-Cost, Portable Impedance Analyzer System for Biopotential Electrode Evaluation and Skin/Electrode Impedance Measurement.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparison of subdermal needle and surface adhesive electrodes for intraoperative neuromonitoring during spine surgeries.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Sericin Electrodes with Self-Adhesive Properties for Biosignaling.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Preliminary Study on Wearable Smart Socks with Hydrogel Electrodes for Surface Electromyography-Based Muscle Activity Assessment.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Closed-Loop Ear-Worn Wearable EEG System with Real-Time Passive Electrode Skin Impedance Measurement for Early Autism Detection.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Motion artefact management for soft bioelectronics.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2024Article
- Evaluating and benchmarking the EEG signal quality of high-density, dry MXene-based electrode arrays against gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
- Long-Term Electrode-Skin Impedance Variation for Electromyographic Measurements.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Biological Tissue-Inspired Ultrasoft, Ultrathin, and Mechanically Enhanced Microfiber Composite Hydrogel for Flexible Bioelectronics.Nano-micro letters · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A low and stable impedance at the skin-electrode interface is key to high-fidelity acquisition of biosignals, both acutely and in the long term. However, recording quality is highly variable due to the complex nature of human skin. Here, we present an experimental and modeling framework to investigate the interfacial impedance behavior, and describe how skin interventions affect its stability over time. To illustrate this approach, we report experimental measurements on the skin-electrode impedance using pre-gelled, clinical-grade electrodes in healthy human subjects recorded over 24 h following four skin treatments: (i) mechanical abrasion, (ii) chemical exfoliation, (iii) microporation, and (iv) no treatment. In the immediate post-treatment period, mechanical abrasion yields the lowest initial impedance, whereas the other treatments provide modest improvement compared to untreated skin. After 24 h, however, the impedance becomes more uniform across all groups (<20 kΩ at 10 Hz). The impedance data are fitted with an equivalent circuit model of the complete skin-electrode interface, clearly identifying skin-level versus electrode-level contributions to the overall impedance. Using this model, we systematically investigate how time and treatment affect the impedance response, and show that removal of the superficial epidermal layers is essential to achieving a low, long-term stable interface impedance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.