ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Air pollution macro-regions identification using machine learning and spatio-temporal analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Explainable AI for effective management of urban heat sources.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oxidative potential of PMScientific reports · 2025Article
- Indication Variability of the Particulate Matter Sensors Dependent on Their Location.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Air pollution seasons in urban moderate climate areas through big data analytics.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- AirMLP: A Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network for Temporal Correction of PM2.5 Values in Turin.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Size-Resolved Field Performance of Low-Cost Sensors for Particulate Matter Air Pollution.Environmental science & technology letters · 2023Article
- Sensors Network as an Added Value for the Characterization of Spatial and Temporal Air Quality Patterns at the Urban Scale.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The influence of meteorological factors and terrain on air pollution concentration and migration: a geostatistical case study from Krakow, Poland.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- High-Resolution Urban Air Quality Mapping for Multiple Pollutants Based on Dense Monitoring Data and Machine Learning.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Changes in Air-Pollution-Related Information-Seeking Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Estimation and Analysis of PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Mortality Related to Air Temperature in European Cities, Based on Threshold Regression Models.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Meteorological Influences on Spatiotemporal Variation of PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the public data provided by low-cost sensors (LCS), which were used for spatial and temporal studies of air quality in Krakow. A PM (particulate matter) dataset was obtained in spring in 2021, during which a fairly strict lockdown was in force as a result of COVID-19. Therefore, we were able to separate the effect of solid fuel heating from other sources of background pollution, mainly caused by urban transport. Moreover, we analyzed the historical data of PM2.5 from 2010 to 2019 to show the effect of grassroots efforts and pro-clean-air legislation changes in Krakow. We designed a unique workflow with a time-spatial analysis of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, and temperature data from Airly(c) sensors located in Krakow and its surroundings. Using geostatistical methods, we showed that Krakow's neighboring cities are the main sources of air pollution from solid fuel heating in the city. Additionally, we showed that the changes in the law in Krakow significantly reduced the PM concentration as compared to neighboring municipalities without a fossil fuel prohibition law. Moreover, our research demonstrates that informative campaigns and education are important initiating factors in order to bring about cleaner air in the future.
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