ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Electrocardiogram-Based Emotion Recognition Systems and Their Applications in Healthcare-A Review.
Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Automatic Classification of Emotions Based on Cardiac Signals: A Systematic Literature Review.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2023Pooled it
- A review of current capabilities and future directions in machine-based emotion recognition.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Detecting Binge Eating Risk With Naturalistic Data and Machine Learning: A Comparative Observational Study.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Observational
- EEG and ECG Wearable Biosensor-Based Affective State Analysis Using Deep Learning over 6G IoT Healthcare Networks.Biosensors · 2026Article
- UDC-SNN: An Uncertainty-Aware Dynamic Cascading Framework with Spiking Neural Network for Balancing Performance and Energy in Multimodal Emotion Recognition.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comprehensive survey on multimodal emotion detection with advances, challenges, and future directions in pairwise conversations.Cognitive processing · 2026Review
- Toward Objective Assessment of Positive Affect: EEG and HRV Indices Distinguishing High and Low Arousal Positive Affect.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Introduction to electrocardiogram signal quality assessment and estimated accuracy for textile electrodes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the impact mechanisms of EEG signals and emotional intelligence levels on language learning efficiency.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Evaluation of ECG and Motion Signals in the Context of Activity Recognition and Human Identification.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Criminal emotion detection framework using convolutional neural network for public safety.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Emotional recognition technologies applied to health: review and challenges.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Review
- Sex and age estimation from cardiac signals captured via radar using data augmentation and deep learning: a privacy concern.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Heart rate variability responses to personalized and non-personalized affective videos. A study on healthy subjects and patients with disorders of consciousness.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Emotion Classification from Electroencephalographic Signals Using Machine Learning.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Heart-Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of the Interaction between Depression and Arrhythmia.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Encoding of multi-modal emotional information via personalized skin-integrated wireless facial interface.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Music-evoked emotions classification using vision transformer in EEG signals.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- ECG Multi-Emotion Recognition Based on Heart Rate Variability Signal Features Mining.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Using Wearable Passive Sensing to Predict Binge Eating in Response to Negative Affect Among Individuals With Transdiagnostic Binge Eating: Protocol for an Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Affective computing is a field of study that integrates human affects and emotions with artificial intelligence into systems or devices. A system or device with affective computing is beneficial for the mental health and wellbeing of individuals that are stressed, anguished, or depressed. Emotion recognition systems are an important technology that enables affective computing. Currently, there are a lot of ways to build an emotion recognition system using various techniques and algorithms. This review paper focuses on emotion recognition research that adopted electrocardiograms (ECGs) as a unimodal approach as well as part of a multimodal approach for emotion recognition systems. Critical observations of data collection, pre-processing, feature extraction, feature selection and dimensionality reduction, classification, and validation are conducted. This paper also highlights the architectures with accuracy of above 90%. The available ECG-inclusive affective databases are also reviewed, and a popularity analysis is presented. Additionally, the benefit of emotion recognition systems towards healthcare systems is also reviewed here. Based on the literature reviewed, a thorough discussion on the subject matter and future works is suggested and concluded. The findings presented here are beneficial for prospective researchers to look into the summary of previous works conducted in the field of ECG-based emotion recognition systems, and for identifying gaps in the area, as well as in developing and designing future applications of emotion recognition systems, especially in improving healthcare.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.