ReviewNutrients2021
Nutraceuticals in Viral Infections: An Overview of the Immunomodulating Properties.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Nasal Solution Incorporating Resveratrol and Carboxymethyl-Β-Glucan in Preschool Non-Atopic Children with Wheezing.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- High-dose vitamin D versus placebo to prevent complications in COVID-19 patients: Multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Natural products and dietary bioactives as antiviral agents against herpesviruses: molecular mechanisms, immunomodulatory actions, and nutritional perspectives.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of lactoferrin administration as an antibiotic alternative growth promoter: impacts on rabbit's growth, meat quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune status, antioxidant status, and tissue histology.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Herbal Immunostimulants and Their Phytochemicals: ExploringPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a decline in renal megalin expression and affects vitamin D metabolism in the kidney of K18-hACE2 mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Carotenoids Applied in Human Health: Technological Advances and Innovation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- In Vivo Acute Toxicity and Immunomodulation Assessment of a Novel Nutraceutical in Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Editorial: Role of early life nutrition in immunomodulation and microbiota development.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Improvement of the Nutraceutical Profile of Brewer's Spent Grain after Treatment withMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Immunoceuticals: Harnessing Their Immunomodulatory Potential to Promote Health and Wellness.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Lactoferrin Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation Is Efficient for Boosting Rat Pup Development.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Association of Dietary Inflammatory Potential with Blood Inflammation: The Prospective Markers on Mild Cognitive Impairment.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Vitamin D: A Potential Mitigation Tool for the Endemic Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic?Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- Oral Administration of Nanopeptide CMCS-20H Conspicuously Boosts Immunity and Precautionary Effect Against Bacterial Infection in Fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nutraceuticals, including vitamin D, vitamin A, zinc, lactoferrin, polyphenols coenzyme Q, magnesium, and selenium, are implicated in the modulation of the complex molecular pathways involved in the immune response against viral pathogens. A common element of the activity of nutraceuticals is their ability to enhance the innate immune response against pathogens by acting on the major cellular subsets and inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In some cases, this action is accompanied by a direct antimicrobial effect, as evidenced in the specific case of lactoferrin. Furthermore, nutraceuticals act through complex molecular mechanisms to minimize the damage caused by the activation of the immune system against pathogens, reducing the oxidative damage, influencing the antigen presentation, enhancing the differentiation and proliferation of regulatory T cells, driving the differentiation of lymphocyte subsets, and modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we review the main molecular mechanisms responsible for the immunomodulatory function of nutraceuticals, focusing on the most relevant aspects for the prevention and treatment of viral infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.