SynthesisNutrients2021
Are Probiotics and Prebiotics Safe for Use during Pregnancy and Lactation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do nutritional interventions before or during pregnancy affect placental phenotype? Findings from a systematic review of human clinical trials.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Microbiota-targeted interventions and clinical implications for maternal-offspring health: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Supplementation of Probiotics in Pregnant Women Targeting Group B Streptococcus Colonization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- The preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotics on mastitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Lactobacillus Acidophilus (La5) on the Incidence of Urinary Tract Infection in the Puerperium: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Trial
- Effect of Supplementation with a Specific Probiotic (Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Effect of probiotic administration during pregnancy on the functional diversity of the gut microbiota in healthy pregnant women.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- Effects of galactooligosaccharides on maternal gut microbiota, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and inflammation in pregnancy: A randomized controlled pilot study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- MaternalBiomedicines · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of the Oral-Gut Microbiota Axis in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- [Research progress on the effects of maternal gut microbiota in gestational obesity on offspring and potential mechanisms].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Review
- Elucidating the Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Species in Modulating Glucose Metabolism and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Article
- Gut and Gastric Dysbiosis in Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Scoping Review of Microbiome-Targeted Evidence and Translational Pathways.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
- Reproductive experience influences the effects of Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 on gut microbiota and hippocampal plasticity in female rats.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Pharmacological Strategies for Attenuating p-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients with Kidney Disease.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
- Gut Health for Two: the Critical Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pregnancy and Lactation.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Early Roots of Childhood Obesity: Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of combined preconception and prenatal myo-inositol, probiotics, and trace element supplementation on the outcomes of depressed mothers.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Microbiome Engineering for Biotherapeutic in Alzheimer's Disease Through the Gut-Brain Axis: Potentials and Limitations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Probiotic and prebiotic products have shown potential health benefits, including for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The incidence of adverse effects in pregnant people and their infants associated with probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic intake, however, remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the evidence on adverse effects of maternal probiotic, prebiotic, and/or synbiotic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation and interpret the findings to help inform clinical decision-making and care of this population. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Scientific databases were searched using pre-determined terms, and risk of bias assessments were conducted to determine study quality. Inclusion criteria were English language studies, human studies, access to full-text, and probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation to the mother and not the infant. In total, 11/100 eligible studies reported adverse effects and were eligible for inclusion in quantitative analysis, and data were visualised in a GOfER diagram. Probiotic and prebiotic products are safe for use during pregnancy and lactation. One study reported increased risk of vaginal discharge and changes in stool consistency (relative risk [95% CI]: 3.67 [1.04, 13.0]) when administering
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.