ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Pharmaceutical Formulations with P-Glycoprotein Inhibitory Effect as Promising Approaches for Enhancing Oral Drug Absorption and Bioavailability.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual anti-pseudomonal and resistance-modulatory actions ofPharmaceutical biology · 2026Article
- Boosting luteolin bioavailability via P-glycoprotein efflux inhibition: a self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Engineering Oral Nanoparticles: Navigating Biological Barriers in the Gastrointestinal Tract.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Plant Flavonoid-Enriched Functional Foods for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Dietary Sources, Bioavailability Enhancement, and Personalized Intervention Strategies.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Breaking the Solubility-Permeability Tradeoff: Surfactant-Mediated Enhancement of Oral Etoposide Absorption.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Exploring the α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Bioactive Compounds fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of rapaprotin-L dictates sensitivity of cancer cells to the inducer of 26S proteasome disassembly.European journal of pharmacology · 2026Article
- A tri-target in silico analysis of Testolift: a nutraceutical formulation targeting aromatase, myostatin, and prolyl hydroxylase-2 in testosterone regulation and muscle performance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Black Pepper and Dietary Lipids Synergistically Enhance Carotenoid Bioavailability: A Narrative Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Benefits ofFood science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Polyphenol-Based Nanomedicine: Versatile Platforms for Immune Modulation and Therapeutic Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights into the anti-inflammatory effects of isocoronarin D associated with reduced PKCδ and PI3K/Akt signalling in LPS-activated macrophages.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Potential Links Between Aging, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Drug Transporter Function-Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacokinetic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Preliminary Studies on In Vitro Antibacterial Activity AgainstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Recent Advances in Oral Drug Delivery Systems for BCS III Drugs.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Endophytic actinomycetes as a reservoir of novel chemotherapeutic leads against multidrug-resistant cancer.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into daidzin from Glycine max against breast cancer via network pharmacology and multi-level molecular modeling.PloS one · 2026Article
- Nanocarrier strategies to overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance in cancer therapy.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2026Review
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is crucial in the active transport of various substrates with diverse structures out of cells, resulting in poor intestinal permeation and limited bioavailability following oral administration. P-gp inhibitors, including small molecule drugs, natural constituents, and pharmaceutically inert excipients, have been exploited to overcome P-gp efflux and enhance the oral absorption and bioavailability of many P-gp substrates. The co-administration of small molecule P-gp inhibitors with P-gp substrates can result in drug-drug interactions and increased side effects due to the pharmacological activity of these molecules. On the other hand, pharmaceutically inert excipients, including polymers, surfactants, and lipid-based excipients, are safe, pharmaceutically acceptable, and are not absorbed from the gut. Notably, they can be incorporated in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance drug solubility, absorption, and bioavailability due to the formulation itself and the P-gp inhibitory effects of the excipients. Different formulations with inherent P-gp inhibitory activity have been developed. These include micelles, emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, microspheres, dendrimers, and solid dispersions. They can bypass P-gp by different mechanisms related to their properties. In this review, we briefly introduce P-gp and P-gp inhibitors, and we extensively summarize the current development of oral drug delivery systems that can bypass and inhibit P-gp to improve the oral absorption and bioavailability of P-gp substrates. Since many drugs are limited by P-gp-mediated efflux, this review is helpful for designing suitable formulations of P-gp substrates to enhance their oral absorption and bioavailability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.