ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Polyacrylate-GnRH Peptide Conjugate as an Oral Contraceptive Vaccine Candidate.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- GnRH-Based Immunocastration Vaccines: Comparative Analysis and Role in Boar Taint Reduction.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Polysaccharide microparticles as an oral vaccine platform: proof-of-concept in male rats using a GnRH-targeting fusion antigen.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Development of an efficacious oral peptide vaccine against infection with the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Preparation and Immunogenicity Evaluation of a Ferritin-Based GnRH Nanoparticle Vaccine.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- A synthetic cyclic peptide for promoting antigen presentation and immune activation.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Automated Synthesis and Purification of Hydrophobic Peptides.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Risk and protective factors for ASF in domestic pigs and wild boar in the EU, and mitigation measures for managing the disease in wild boar.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Polymeric Nanoparticles as Oral and Intranasal Peptide Vaccine Delivery Systems: The Role of Shape and Conjugation.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Self-Assembled Polymers for Gastrointestinal Tract Targeted Delivery through the Oral Route: An Update.Polymers · 2023Review
- Peptide-Based Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: Peptide Antigen Discovery and Screening of Adjuvant Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Investigation of liposomal self-adjuvanting peptide epitopes derived from conserved blood-stage Plasmodium antigens.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Contraceptive vaccines are designed to elicit immune responses against major components of animal reproductive systems. These vaccines, which are most commonly administered via injection, typically target gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). However, the need to restrain animals for treatment limits the field applications of injectable vaccines. Oral administration would broaden vaccine applicability. We explored contraceptive vaccine candidates composed of GnRH peptide hormone, universal T helper PADRE (P), and a poly(methylacrylate) (PMA)-based delivery system. When self-assembled into nanoparticles, PMA-P-GnRH induced the production of high IgG titers after subcutaneous and oral administration in mice. PADRE was then replaced with pig T helper derived from the swine flu virus, and the vaccine was tested in pigs. High levels of systemic antibodies were produced in pigs after both injection and oral administration of the vaccine. In conclusion, we developed a simple peptide-polymer conjugate that shows promise as an effective, adjuvant-free, oral GnRH-based contraceptive vaccine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.