Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34371609›Full record

ArticlePlants (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Automated In Situ Seed Variety Identification via Deep Learning: A Case Study in Chickpea.

Amin Taheri-Garavand, Amin Nasiri, Dimitrios Fanourakis, Soodabeh Fatahi, Mahmoud Omid, Nikolaos Nikoloudakis

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
11.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Leaf Count Aided Novel Framework for Rice (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
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  13. Meta-Learning for Few-Shot Plant Disease Detection.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Amin Taheri-GaravandMechanical Engineering of Biosystems Department, Lorestan University, Khorramabad P.O. Box 465, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-5875-824X
Amin NasiriDepartment of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Dimitrios FanourakisLaboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Landscape and Environment, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-6319-4223
Soodabeh FatahiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Urmia University, Urmia P.O. Box 165, Iran.
Mahmoud OmidDepartment of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, University of Tehran, Karaj P.O. Box 4111, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-2616-4903
Nikolaos NikoloudakisDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol CY-3603, Cyprus.ORCID 0000-0002-3935-8443
Cyprus University of Technology · CYHellenic Mediterranean University · GRLorestan University · IRUniversity of Tehran · IRUniversity of Tennessee at Knoxville · USUrmia University · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

On-time seed variety recognition is critical to limit qualitative and quantitative yield loss and asynchronous crop production. The conventional method is a subjective and error-prone process, since it relies on human experts and usually requires accredited seed material. This paper presents a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework for automatic identification of chickpea varieties by using seed images in the visible spectrum (400-700 nm). Two low-cost devices were employed for image acquisition. Lighting and imaging (background, focus, angle, and camera-to-sample distance) conditions were variable. The VGG16 architecture was modified by a global average pooling layer, dense layers, a batch normalization layer, and a dropout layer. Distinguishing the intricate visual features of the diverse chickpea varieties and recognizing them according to these features was conceivable by the obtained model. A five-fold cross-validation was performed to evaluate the uncertainty and predictive efficiency of the CNN model. The modified deep learning model was able to recognize different chickpea seed varieties with an average classification accuracy of over 94%. In addition, the proposed vision-based model was very robust in seed variety identification, and independent of image acquisition device, light environment, and imaging settings. This opens the avenue for the extension into novel applications using mobile phones to acquire and process information in situ. The proposed procedure derives possibilities for deployment in the seed industry and mobile applications for fast and robust automated seed identification practices.

Indexed as

Cicer arietinumconvolutional neural networkgrad-CAMimage classificationImageNetVGG16VGGNet

Identifiers

PMID34371609
PMCPMC8309301
OpenAlexW3178050482

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.