ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2021
Sevoflurane preconditioning protects experimental ischemic stroke by enhancing anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages phenotype polarization through GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- NOTCH-mediated glial CXCL9:SPP1 polarization by GSK3β exacerbates postnatal enteric nervous system dysfunction in Hirschsprung disease.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Epigallocatechin-3-gallate mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting microglia toward M2 phenotype via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sevoflurane ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating mitochondrial dynamics and attenuating apoptosis via Shh-YAP1 signaling pathway.Molecular brain · 2026Article
- The dual effects of anesthetics on glial cells: a review of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Sevoflurane suppresses LPS-induced microglia injury by regulating USP11-mediated UHRF1 deubiquitination.Regenerative therapy · 2025Article
- Therapeutic spectrum of Piperine in ischemic stroke: a literature review.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Revisiting anesthesia-induced preconditioning for neuroprotection in the aging brain: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2025Review
- Analysis of ferroptosis-related genes in cerebral ischemic stroke via immune infiltration and single-cell RNA-sequencing.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- The role of microglia in 67NR mammary tumor-induced suppression of brain responses to immune challenges in female mice.Journal of neurochemistry · 2024Article
- The Combination of Zhuli Decoction and N-butylphthalide Inhibits Cell Apoptosis Induced by CO Poisoning through the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Effect of General Anesthetic Agents on Microglia.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- The cell-specific roles of Nrf2 in acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Research hotspots and frontiers of preconditioning in cerebral ischemia: A bibliometric analysis.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Desflurane improves electrical activity of neurons and alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury by activating the Kcna1-dependent Kv1.1 channel.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- The Application of Drugs and Nano-Therapies Targeting Immune Cells in Hypoxic Inflammation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Uncovering the dual roles of peripheral immune cells and their connections to brain cells in stroke and post-stroke stages through single-cell sequencing.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Necrosulfonamide exerts neuroprotective effect by inhibiting necroptosis, neuroinflammation, and α-synuclein oligomerization in a subacute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Artemisinin exerts a protective effect in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease by inhibiting microglial activation via the TLR4/Myd88/NF-KB pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Dual roles of anesthetics in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Regulation of microglial activation through inflammatory signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Selective brain hypothermia attenuates focal cerebral ischemic injury and improves long-term neurological outcome in aged female mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsSevoflurane preconditioning (SPC) results in cerebral ischemic tolerance; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Promoting microglia/macrophages polarization from pro-inflammatory state to anti-inflammatory phenotype has been indicated as a potential treatment target against ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of SPC on microglia polarization after stroke and which signaling pathway was involved in this transition.
methodsMouse primary microglia with SPC were challenged by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and mice with SPC were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors were analyzed. GSK-3β phosphorylation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation were measured. The mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors, neurological scores, infarct volume, cellular apoptosis, the proportion of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages, and the generation of super-oxidants were examined after SPC or GSK-3β inhibitor TDZD treatment with or without Nrf2 deficiency.
resultsSevoflurane preconditioning promoted anti-inflammatory and inhibited pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9 was increased after SPC. Both SPC and TDZD administration enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, reduced pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages markers expression, promoted anti-inflammatory markers level, and elicited a neuroprotective effect. Nrf2 deficiency abolished the promoted anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages polarization and ischemic tolerance induced by TDZD treatment. The reduced percentage of pro-inflammatory positive cells and super-oxidants generation induced by SFC or TDZD was also reversed by Nrf2 knockdown.
conclusionsOur results indicated that SPC exerts brain ischemic tolerance and promotes anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages polarization by GSK-3β-dependent Nrf2 activation, which provides a novel mechanism for SPC-induced neuroprotection.
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