ReviewInsights into imaging2021
Imaging in non-bacterial osteomyelitis in children and adolescents: diagnosis, differential diagnosis and follow-up-an educational review based on a literature survey and own clinical experiences.
Review in Insights into imaging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis in Latvia from 2014 to 2025: Case Series.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- [Inflammatory dermatosis in adult chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (adult CNO) from a dermatological perspective].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Article
- Atypical and less-common imaging presentations of chronic nonbacterial osteitis in children: a pictorial review.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- Non-Traumatic Clavicular Lesions in Children: Case Series and Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Validation of the EULAR/ACR classification criteria for chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in a pediatric cohort.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Impact of immunostimulation on autoinflammatory disease. CRMO case presentation and literature review: A case report.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- The impact of sarcopenia on the progression of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis.Insights into imaging · 2025Article
- Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis in children- five-year standardized follow-up of a prospective observational cohort in the pre-biological era.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2025Observational
- Chronic Noninfectious Osteomyelitis: A Review of Imaging Findings.The Indian journal of radiology & imaging · 2025Article
- Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in neuroradiology - behavior and evolution of vertebral and mandibular lesions on imaging.Pediatric radiology · 2024Article
- Preferential involvement of the pelvis and hips along with active sacroiliitis in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: MRI of 97 patients from a single tertiary referral center.European radiology · 2024Article
- Pictorial review: challenges in distinguishing bilateral metaphyseal marrow abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging.Pediatric radiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Whole-Body MRI at Initial Presentation of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Their Overlapping Syndrome, and Non-Specific Arthropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Case report: Looking for relationship between type 1 diabetes and chronic recurrent osteomyelitis: short literature review and case presentation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- MRI features of spinal chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis/chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis in children.Pediatric radiology · 2023Article
- Priorities in Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) - results from an international survey and roundtable discussions.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2023Article
- A Successful Bisphosphonates Monotherapy in Spinal Form of Paediatric Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO)-Case Report.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging findings and patterns of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in a series of Greek pediatric patients.Acta radiologica open · 2022Article
- MRI in the Diagnosis and Treatment Response Assessment of Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis in Children and Adolescents.Current rheumatology reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disorder affecting children and adolescents. Previously classified as a rare disease, recent studies suggest a higher incidence of the disease. CNO may develop into the clinical presentation of chronic recurrent osteomyelitis (CRMO) with high relapse rate and multifocality. MAIN BODY: Diagnosis of CNO/CRMO is often delayed, with implications for disease severity and relapse rate. This can be significantly improved by knowledge of the disease entity and its characteristics. Imaging plays a key role in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has several advantages compared to other imaging methods and is increasingly applied in clinical studies. Recent studies show that a whole-body (WB) coverage (WB-MRI) without contrast agent administration is a rational approach. This educational review is based on a systematic analysis of international peer-reviewed articles and presents our own clinical experiences. It provides an overview of disease entity, incidence and clinical diagnosis. The role of imaging, especially of whole-body MRI, is discussed in detail. Finally, practical advice for imaging, including flowcharts explaining when and how to apply imaging, is provided.
conclusionKnowing the specifics of CNO/CRMO and the importance of MRI/whole-body MRI allows rapid and efficient diagnosis as well as therapy support and helps to avoid irreversible secondary damage.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.