ArticleEMBO molecular medicine2021
Bacterial lysis, autophagy and innate immune responses during adjunctive phage therapy in a child.
Article in EMBO molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07619924 (Randomized Controlled Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Phage Cocktail in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Skin Infections), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Controlled Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Phage Cocktail in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Skin Infections
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- A consensus-based guideline for personalized bacteriophage therapy.Nature medicine · 2026Guideline
- AI-assisted phage formulation delivered via injectable hydrogels for localized control of implant-associated infections.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Antibodies targeting phage fiber and nozzle proteins impair Acinetobacter baumannii phage therapy by blocking infection and promoting immune clearance.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Phage therapy: from basic biology to clinical application.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Pharmacology of Bacteriophage Therapy in Children: A Re-Emerging Paradigm in Antibacterial Therapy.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Successful use of bacteriophage therapy for aJournal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2026Article
- Translational Quantitative Proteomic Assay for Bacteriophages: A New Frontier in Phage Pharmaceutical Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CApEsid biOfilm: a suggested pipeline for clinical phage microbiology for biofilm infections based on comparative method study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immune Responses to Phage Therapy in Humans: A Review.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- From hype to hope: reanimating phage therapy through evidence-based multidisciplinarity.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Innate immune recognition and immunomodulatory effects of bacteriophages: implications for phage therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage therapy for multidrug-resistant infections: current technologies and therapeutic approaches.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Differences in Phage Recognition and Immunogenicity Contribute to Divergent Human Immune Responses to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Phages.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Emerging antimicrobial therapies for Gram-negative infections in human clinical use.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Genomic Insights into Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance Transmission and Mitigation Strategies.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Phage diversity in One Health.Essays in biochemistry · 2024Review
- Translational research priorities for bacteriophage therapeutics.Essays in biochemistry · 2024Review
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bacteriophage therapy: a review with a focus on multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Review
- Phage Therapy in Korea: A Prescribers' Survey of Attitudes Amongst Korean Infectious Diseases Specialists Towards Phage Therapy.Infection & chemotherapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adjunctive phage therapy was used in an attempt to avoid catastrophic outcomes from extensive chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa osteoarticular infection in a 7-year-old child. Monitoring of phage and bacterial kinetics allowed real-time phage dose adjustment, and along with markers of the human host response, indicated a significant therapeutic effect within two weeks of starting adjunctive phage therapy. These findings strongly suggested the release of bacterial cells or cell fragments into the bloodstream from deep bony infection sites early in treatment. This was associated with transient fever and local pain and with evidence of marked upregulation of innate immunity genes in the host transcriptome. Adaptive immune responses appeared to develop after a week of therapy and some immunomodulatory elements were also observed to be upregulated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.